[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-450313-105":59,"doc-detail-450313-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","feldspar-reduces-fault-frictional-healing-rate-under-hydrothermal-conditions","Feldspar reduces fault frictional healing rate under hydrothermal conditions","","Fault restrengthening between earthquakes drives country rocks to store and release elastic strain energy in later seismic cycles, with fault sealing and fault frictional healing as key contributors. Fault frictional healing often increases logarithmically with time in quasistationary contact under dry conditions, attributed to contact-area growth and new chemical bonds. Experiments show this logarithmic behavior fails for feldspar-rich systems under hydrothermal conditions: healing switches from positive to negative as contact time increases at ≥200 °C with pressurized water, indicating thermally activated weakening at feldspar interfaces.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/feldspar-reduces-fault-frictional-healing-rate-under-hydrothermal-conditions/450313/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/feldspar-reduces-fault-frictional-healing-rate-under-hydrothermal-conditions/450313.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aurelia","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-07","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does fault frictional healing describe?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It is the time-dependent recovery of fault strength between earthquakes, driven by physical and chemical processes that rebuild sealing and frictional resistance.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does fault frictional healing behave under typical laboratory conditions?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Laboratory studies often show frictional healing increases logarithmically with hold time during quasistationary contact, giving a positive healing rate over a range of rock types and minerals.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What changes under hydrothermal conditions for feldspar-rich systems?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"With pressurized water at temperatures ≥200 °C, the healing rate switches from positive to negative as quasistationary contact time increases, indicating unusual weakening mechanisms at feldspar interfaces.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},450313,1791169208,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":46},1099514068365,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/10000253d8d9f28188e?_k=1776742907772140068","Article [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-67521-x](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-67521-x)  \nFeldspar reduces fault frictional healing rate under hydrothermal conditions  \nReceived: 10 March 2025  \n\n| Accepted: 1 December 2025 |\n| --- |\n| |\n| Check for updates |\n\nWei Feng 1,2,5,6, Wenzhou Wang3,6, Lu Yao 2,6 , Rodrigo Gomila 1, Shengli Ma2, Qunyang Li 3  & Giulio Di Toro 1,4   \nFault restrengthening after earthquakes enables country rocks to restore elastic strain energy for subsequent seismic cycles. It originates from the contribution of several processes resulting in fault sealing and fault frictional healing, the latter arising from contact area growth and formation of new chemical bonds between grains. Laboratory studies demonstrate that fault frictional healing typically increases logarithmically with time during quasistationary contact (i.e., positive healing rate). Here we show that this logarithmic healing does not hold under certain (hydrothermal) conditions for feldspar, the most abundant mineral in the Earth’s crust, and for common feldspar-rich rocks. The healing rate switches from positive to negative with increasing quasi-stationary contact time at temperatures ≥ 200 °C in the presence of pressurized water. This unusual healing behavior suggests that thermally-activated friction weakening processes may exist at feldspar interfaces. This hypothesis is further validated through nano-scale friction experiments by sliding single-feldspar crystals on a feldspar substrate. Given the abundance of feldspars in the Earth’s crust, their peculiar healing behavior under hydrothermal conditions can lead to unexpected variations in fault strength, changing our understanding of fault mechanics and the seismic cycle, and challenging the direct extrapolation of laboratory-derived healing parameters to natural earthquake recurrence intervals.  \nFault healing is a well-documented phenomenon that describes the time-dependent recovery of fault strength between earthquakes1–6. Fault healing is due to the contribution of several physical and chemical processes that lead to (1) fault sealing (mineral dissolution and precipitation, vein deposition, etc., and in extreme cases, fault welding by solidification of seismic friction melts)7–10, (2) fault frictional healing (contact area growth plus formation of new chemical bonds between asperity contacts at the sub-microscale)5,11–16 and,(3) a combination of the two17. The underlying mechanism of fault frictional healing is generally attributed to an increase in the real contact area of the microscopic asperities (contact “quantity”)18,19 or  \nan increase in contact strength of chemical bonds (contact“quality”)15,20. Although specific mechanisms differ, laboratory studies on centimeter-size rock specimens, mostly conducted at room temperature, and micro-scale single asperity friction tests have shown that 1) frictional healing (static friction minus dynamic steady-state friction, Fig. 1) usually increases linearly with the logarithm of the hold time th, and 2) the rate of healing (change of frictional healing with log(th)) is positive for a broad range of rock types, including Westerly granite, and a variety of minerals11,14–17,21–25. However, the results of recent experiments also conducted on Westerly granite, but under hydrothermal conditions, cast doubt on  \n1Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy. 2State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics and Forecasting, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China. 3Applied Mechanics Laboratory and Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. 4Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy. 5Present address: GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany. 6These authors  \ncontributed equally: Wei Feng, Wenzhou Wang, Lu Yao. e-mail: [luyao@ies.ac.cn](luyao@ies.ac.cn); [qunyang@tsinghua.edu.cn](qunyang@tsinghua.edu.cn); giulio.ditoro@unipd.it  \na  \nb ","cbCailKMvDGNCMqd","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailKMvDGNCMqd","pdf",2094462,"English","# Background on fault healing\n# Mechanisms of frictional healing\n## Contact area growth and chemical bond formation\n# Hydrothermal experiment results\n## Transition from positive to negative healing\n## Implications for feldspar interfaces\n# Nano-scale validation via single-crystal sliding\n# Seismic and forecasting implications","[{\"question\":\"What does fault frictional healing describe?\",\"answer\":\"It is the time-dependent recovery of fault strength between earthquakes, driven by physical and chemical processes that rebuild sealing and frictional resistance.\"},{\"question\":\"How does fault frictional healing behave under typical laboratory conditions?\",\"answer\":\"Laboratory studies often show frictional healing increases logarithmically with hold time during quasistationary contact, giving a positive healing rate over a range of rock types and minerals.\"},{\"question\":\"What changes under hydrothermal conditions for feldspar-rich systems?\",\"answer\":\"With pressurized water at temperatures ≥200 °C, the healing rate switches from positive to negative as quasistationary contact time increases, indicating unusual weakening mechanisms at feldspar interfaces.\"}]","Feldspar reduces fault frictional healing rate under hydrothermal conditions | PDF",1790732853]