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It traces the 2011 voluntary school integration guidance, examines K-12 competitive grants and early childhood programs, and explains how the Department handled state waivers and ESEA “Flexibility” developments. The review highlights the Department’s authority to support voluntary integration efforts and identifies policy progress alongside ongoing needs at state and local levels.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/federal-support-for-school-integration-an-obama-administration-review-issue-brief-8/585484/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/federal-support-for-school-integration-an-obama-administration-review-issue-brief-8/585484.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Alex Sinclair","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What period and leadership does the review cover for school integration policy?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The review covers federal support for school integration during the tenures of Secretaries Arne Duncan and John King, as the Obama Administration’s second term nears completion.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What is the role of the 2011 guidance discussed in the brief?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The brief explains how the 2011 guidance interprets the 2007 Supreme Court decision and endorses race-conscious measures to promote diversity without using race or individual students for admission or assignment, subject to specific circumstances.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which federal programs and policy mechanisms are addressed beyond guidance letters?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The brief also covers K-12 competitive grants, preschool programs administered with HHS, state waiver handling under ESEA, and legislative developments including “ESEA Flexibility.”","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},585484,1792191160,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":26,"preview_page_count":4},1099523882182,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","The National Coalition on School Diversity January 2017  \nFederal Support for School Integration: An Obama Administration Review  \nIssue Brief  \n8  \nAs the second term of the Obama Administration draws to a close, the National Coalition on School Diversity has updated this review of federal support for school integration during the tenures of Secretaries Arne Duncan and John King. While much remains to be done, the Obama Administration has made concrete progress on school integration policy. This overview begins with the Administration’s 2011 Guidance on voluntary school integration, and covers the Department’s K-12 competitive grants, preschool programs administered cooperatively with HHS, the Department’s handling of state waivers under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, and new legislative developments. As reflected in these initiatives, the Department has broad authority to support voluntary school integration efforts, and we hope to see additional progress over the next four years on this bipartisan issue, especially at the state and local level.  \nThis Review is divided into four sections:  \n1. Administrative guidance and action supporting school diversity  \n2. School diversity language and incentives in USDOE competitive grant programs for K-12 education  \n3. School diversity language and incentives in Early Childhood Education programs  \n4. Reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act and “ESEA Flexibility”  \n1. Administrative guidance and action supporting school diversity  \nThroughout Obama’s tenure in the White House, the Department of Education has released a series of guidance documents clarifying the responsibilities of state and local governments with respect to their civil rights obligations. In addition to the joint Department of Education/Department of Justice guidance regarding the use of race to achieve diversity and avoid student isolation, this section examines supplementary guidance from the Obama Administration that could be useful in supporting student diversity and ensuring all students have an equitable opportunity to benefit from high-quality educational programs.  \nA. Guidance on the Voluntary Use of Race to Achieve Diversity and Avoid Racial Isolation in Elementary and Secondary Schools  \nThe first order of school diversity business for the Department of Education in 2009 was the removal of misleading Bush Administration guidance to states and local school districts discouraging raceconscious efforts to integrate schools. The earlier guidance was posted after the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District 1 (2007),1 in which a majority of the Court struck down individual racial assignment provisions in two voluntary school integration plans. However, the Bush Administration guidance failed to acknowledge that a separate 5-4  \n1 Parents Involved in Cmty. Sch. v. Seattle Sch. Dist. No. 1, 551 U.S. 701 (2007)  \nIssue Brief No. 8  \nNational Coalition on School Diversity  \nmajority had actually announced, for the first time, that that school diversity and reduction of racial isolation are “compelling government interests”that justify the use of non-discriminatory measures to achieve racial integration:  \nThis Nation has a moral and ethical obligation to fulfill its historic commitment to creating an integrated society that ensures equal opportunity for all ofits children. A compelling interest exists in avoiding racial isolation, an interest that a school district, in its discretion and expertise, may choose to pursue.  \nLikewise, a district may consider it a compelling interest to achieve a diverse student population.2  \nIt took the Obama Administration over two years to issue a revised guidance interpreting the 2007 Supreme Court decision, but the final result was a comprehensive overview of school integration policy, issued jointly by the Secretary of Education and the Attorney General. Consistent with the Parents Invol","cbCaitqIQlLhLpWe","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitqIQlLhLpWe","pdf",399266,24,"English","# Federal Support for School Integration: An Obama Administration Review\n## Administrative guidance and action supporting school diversity\n## Guidance on the Voluntary Use of Race to Achieve Diversity and Avoid Racial Isolation in Elementary and Secondary Schools\n## Dear Colleague Letter Regarding Mobility via Educational Socioeconomic Opportunity\n## School diversity language and incentives in USDOE competitive grant programs for K-12 education\n## School diversity language and incentives in Early Childhood Education programs\n## Reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act and “ESEA Flexibility”","[{\"question\":\"What period and leadership does the review cover for school integration policy?\",\"answer\":\"The review covers federal support for school integration during the tenures of Secretaries Arne Duncan and John King, as the Obama Administration’s second term nears completion.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the role of the 2011 guidance discussed in the brief?\",\"answer\":\"The brief explains how the 2011 guidance interprets the 2007 Supreme Court decision and endorses race-conscious measures to promote diversity without using race or individual students for admission or assignment, subject to specific circumstances.\"},{\"question\":\"Which federal programs and policy mechanisms are addressed beyond guidance letters?\",\"answer\":\"The brief also covers K-12 competitive grants, preschool programs administered with HHS, state waiver handling under ESEA, and legislative developments including “ESEA Flexibility.”\"}]","Federal Support for School Integration: An Obama Administration Review - Issue Brief 8 | PDF",1792054852]