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Nine father-child dyads were observed for about 30 minutes, with the researcher as main observer. Seven role categories were identified, three newly found, and grouped into two themes. Findings link father-child play interpretations to cultural and situational context, highlighting distinct father involvement patterns.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/father-child-play-in-a-public-playground-roles-exhibited-by-fathers-during-their-play-with-children/590947/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/father-child-play-in-a-public-playground-roles-exhibited-by-fathers-during-their-play-with-children/590947.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Stanford","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the purpose of this study on father-child play?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To identify and categorize the roles fathers display during their play with children in a public playground setting.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the observation conducted?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Nine father-child dyads were observed in a public playground for approximately 30 minutes, with the researcher serving as the main observer.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What were the main findings about fathers’ roles?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Seven role categories emerged, including three newly found in this study, and they were organized under two themes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},590947,1792191167,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},2336477552062,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","African Educational Research Journal Special Issue 8(2), pp. S149-S157, October 2020  \nDOI: 10. 30918/AERJ. 8S2.20.042 ISSN: 2354-2160  \nFull Length Research Paper  \nFather-child play in a public playground: Roles exhibited by fathers during their play with children Şenil Ünlü-Çetin  \nFaculty of Education, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey.  \n\n| ABSTRACT\u003Cbr>Presently, fathers spend more time with their children when compared with the fathers of previous ages and play compromises the majority of the father-child shared time. Few researches that investigated the roles of fathers during their play with children made use of (1) home-based or laboratory-based observations with pre-determined play materials and (2) conducted Western cultures. These two characteristics of previous studies have led to this study, which is conducted in Turkey, a country that is relatively collectivistic and based on observations of father-child play in a public playground which is a natural play-setting. Nine (9) different father-child dads were observed in a public playground for approximately 30 min. The researcher was the main observer during this process. The findings revealed seven different role categories, three of which were newly found in the current study. These seven categories were merged under two different themes. The discussion of findings which centered on the ides of father-child play were influenced by the culture and the context that it occurs.\u003Cbr>Keywords: Father involvement, play, father-child play, father roles. |\n| --- |\n| E-mail: [senilunlucetin@gmail.com. Tel:](senilunlucetin@gmail.com. Tel:) 90-530-324-06-75. |\n\nINTRODUCTION  \nPlay is one of the most beneficial activities that children engage in especially during early childhood years. It is also widely known that play benefits the development of young children. For instance, Roggman et al. (2004) claimed that during play, children have a chance to use and improve their communication, negotiation and turntaking abilities which supports children’s language, cognitive, and social-emotional development. During play with adults or peers, children face their fears, exercise adult roles, and explore the world around them (Hurwitz, 2002; Tsao, 2002) .  \nAccording to Erickson (1985) and Hurwitz (2002), play helps children to improve new competencies that allow them to improve their confidence and resiliency that will be used in solving problems in their future life. When children engage in self-driven play, they practice their decision-making skills and understand their own interests; when they play with others they learn to work ina group, to share, they learn problem solving, negotiating and advocating for themselves (Hurwitz, 2002; Pellegrini and Smith, 1998) . Play is also found as one of the  \nactivities that help children adapt to the school, learning readiness, learning behaviours and problem solving abilities (Coolahan et al. , 2000; Fisher, 1992) .  \nMost of the time, children’s play includes adults, and in early years, these adults are mainly parents (MacDonald, 1993) . Therefore, play is an area that improves parentchild communication and relationship quality. The reason for this is bilateral. Initially, playing with a parent teaches children that his / her parents pay attention to and give priority to spending time with them (Cohn, 1990; Henry, 1990, Tamis-LeMonda et al. , 2004) . Secondly, playing with the child gives a great deal of information about child’s development, interest areas, and skills to his/her parents (Ginsburg, 2007) . For this reason, parent-child play is one of the topics that should be given importance in early childhood literature.  \nInterestingly, in the literature that studies parent-child play, there is three times more study of mother-child play than father-child play (Cebrera and Roggman, 2017) . However, since 1970s, based on the empirical research, fathers are widely accepted as important individuals in  \nthe lives of children. Fathers’ p","cbCaihJCjtuN5TwT","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihJCjtuN5TwT","pdf",299831,"English","# Introduction\n## Benefits of play in early childhood\n## Parent-child play and role expectations\n## Differences between father and mother involvement\n## Father-child play characteristics","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of this study on father-child play?\",\"answer\":\"To identify and categorize the roles fathers display during their play with children in a public playground setting.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the observation conducted?\",\"answer\":\"Nine father-child dyads were observed in a public playground for approximately 30 minutes, with the researcher serving as the main observer.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the main findings about fathers’ roles?\",\"answer\":\"Seven role categories emerged, including three newly found in this study, and they were organized under two themes.\"}]","Father-child play in a public playground - Roles exhibited by fathers during their play with children | PDF",1792070787,23]