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This study quantifies entotic figures in NOS breast cancer across primary tumor, regional lymph nodes, and distant metastases using hematoxylin/eosin and Mackay criteria, and evaluates cell death signs and markers including E-cadherin and Ki67.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/fate-of-entosis-from-the-beginning-to-the-end-in-untreated-advanced-breast-cancer/382698/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/fate-of-entosis-from-the-beginning-to-the-end-in-untreated-advanced-breast-cancer/382698.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Sarah ","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",7,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is homotypic entosis in cancer?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Homotypic entosis is a phenomenon in which one cancer cell invades a neighboring cancer cell and becomes fully enclosed within its entotic vacuole. The inner cell may either die or survive depending on the entosis fate.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How were entotic figures identified and compared across tumor locations?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Entotic figures were identified using hematoxylin/eosin staining and assessed using criteria proposed by Mackay. Frequencies were analyzed separately for the primary tumor, regional lymph node, and distant metastasis.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What did the study find about cell death and proliferating entotic cells?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Across all locations, entosis showed no signs of cell death. E-cadherin or Ki67 staining further identified proliferating (Ki67-positive) inner and outer entotic cells, supporting a pro-survival entotic interpretation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},382698,1790816000,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,109,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},40,"healthcare",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":55,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":115,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},962085320529,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Communication  \nFate of Entosis: From the Beginning to the End in Untreated Advanced Breast Cancer  \nIreneusz Dziuba 1, *, Agata M. Gawel 2, Paweł Tyrna 2, Jolanta Rybczynska 3, Lukasz P. Bialy 4 and Izabela Mlynarczuk-Bialy 4, *  \nCitation: Dziuba, I.; Gawel, A.M.; Tyrna, P.; Rybczynska, J.; Bialy, L.P.; Mlynarczuk-Bialy, I. Fate of Entosis: From the Beginning to the End in Untreated Advanced Breast Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 12142 . [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)ijms241512142  \nAcademic Editors: Roberto Bei and Giovanni Barillari  \nReceived: 26 June 2023  \nRevised: 21 July 2023  \nAccepted: 27 July 2023  \nPublished: 29 July 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Academy of Silesia, 40-555 Katowice, Poland  \n2 Histology and Embryology Students' Science Association, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; [agata.gawel@wum.edu.pl](agata.gawel@wum.edu.pl) (A.M.G.); [pawel.tyrna@gmail.com](pawel.tyrna@gmail.com) (P.T.)  \n3 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland; [j.rybczynska@uksw.edu.pl](j.rybczynska@uksw.edu.pl)  \n4 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; [lbialy@wum.edu.pl](lbialy@wum.edu.pl)  \n* [Correspondence: mmid@wp.pl](Correspondence: mmid@wp.pl) (I.D.); [imlynarczuk@wum.edu.pl](imlynarczuk@wum.edu.pl) (I.M.-B.)  \nAbstract: Homotypic entosis is a phenomenon in which one cancer cell invades a neighboring cancer cell and is closed entirely within its entotic vacuole. The fate of entosis can lead to inner cell death or survival. Recent evidence draws attention to entosis as a novel prognostic marker in breast cancer. Nevertheless, little is known about the quantity and quality of the process of entosis in human cancer specimens. Here, for the first time, we analyze the frequency of entotic figures in a case of NOS (Non-Other Specified) breast cancer with regard to location: the primary tumor, regional lymph node, and distant metastasis. For the identification of entotic figures, cells were stained using hematoxylin/eosin and assessed using criteria proposed by Mackay. The majority of entotic figures (65%) were found in the lymph node, 27% were found in the primary tumor, and 8% were found in the far metastasis. In the far metastases, entotic figures demonstrated an altered, atypic morphology. Interestingly, in all locations, entosis did not show any signs of cell death. Moreover, the slides were stained for E-cadherin or Ki67, and we identified proliferating (Ki67-positive) inner and outer entotic cells. Therefore, we propose additional criteria for the identification of pro-survival entotic structures in diagnostic histopathology.  \nKeywords: homotypic entosis; cell-in-cell; breast cancer; cancer metastasis; tumor cell invasion; tumor cell survival; E-cadherin; Ki67  \n1. Introduction  \nEntosis is a process of regulated cell invasion, in which one cancer cell invades into a neighboring cancer cell, resulting in the formation of cell-in-cell (CIC) structures [1] . Homotypic entosis involves two cells of the same type and is regulated by molecular mediators. Depending on the cell type, homotypic entosis typically lasts 6–12 h [2] . The fate of the inner cell in entosis can either be cell survival (“vital” entosis) or death (“lethal”entosis) [1,2] . Entosis has been reported in numerous cancers [2–13] . Breast cancer (BC) seems to be especially entosis-co","cbCaiqhquPRxDFRo","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqhquPRxDFRo","pdf",2823926,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Entosis process and definitions\n## Entosis in breast cancer and clinical relevance\n# Molecular mechanisms of entosis","[{\"question\":\"What is homotypic entosis in cancer?\",\"answer\":\"Homotypic entosis is a phenomenon in which one cancer cell invades a neighboring cancer cell and becomes fully enclosed within its entotic vacuole. The inner cell may either die or survive depending on the entosis fate.\"},{\"question\":\"How were entotic figures identified and compared across tumor locations?\",\"answer\":\"Entotic figures were identified using hematoxylin/eosin staining and assessed using criteria proposed by Mackay. Frequencies were analyzed separately for the primary tumor, regional lymph node, and distant metastasis.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the study find about cell death and proliferating entotic cells?\",\"answer\":\"Across all locations, entosis showed no signs of cell death. E-cadherin or Ki67 staining further identified proliferating (Ki67-positive) inner and outer entotic cells, supporting a pro-survival entotic interpretation.\"}]","Fate of Entosis - From the Beginning to the End in Untreated Advanced Breast Cancer | PDF",1790251973,23]