[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-156770-105":59,"doc-detail-156770-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","fan-reliability-issues-explored-fan-reliability-issues-explored","Fan reliability issues explored - Fan reliability issues explored","","Fan reliability issues explored by addressing why cooling fan failures matter for electronic equipment and how reliability is specified through probabilistic service-life metrics such as L10 under defined operating and ambient conditions. The article explains that bearing wear is often driven by lubricant composition and lubrication-system reliability rather than bearing fatigue life. Comparative testing supports sleeve bearings, including Papst SINTEC sintered sleeve technology, which improves noise, shock tolerance, lubrication during start-up, and long-term operation through vacuum impregnation and pore recirculation.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":30,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/fan-reliability-issues-explored-fan-reliability-issues-explored/156770/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/fan-reliability-issues-explored-fan-reliability-issues-explored/156770.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Felix Montgomery","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-19","2026-08-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How is fan reliability specified in the article?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Fan reliability is defined as the probability that a unit will not fail during a defined period under specified operating and ambient conditions. The L10 specification describes that less than 10% of a statistically significant number of fans should fail during the stated service life.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why does lubrication dominate fan bearing reliability?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Most fan failures are caused by bearing system wear, but the article emphasizes that real-world bearing failure occurs earlier because lubricant fails. The reliability and composition of the lubrication system affect outcomes more than bearing fatigue life.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What advantages do sleeve bearings provide over ball bearings?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Sleeve bearings generate less running noise, are less sensitive to shock and vibration, cost less, and technical development can match ball-bearing reliability. They can meet long-life requirements for demanding electronics while offering lower noise and lower cost.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},156770,1787965951,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":29,"category_name":30,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":81,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":39},549768064778,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Technical Article  \nFan reliability issues explored  \nGareth Jones Managing Director Phone +44 1635 2811-11  \nFax +44 1635 2811-61  \n[Gareth.Jones@uk.ebmpapst.com](Gareth.Jones@uk.ebmpapst.com)  \nIntroduction  \nSince cooling fans are mainly used to increase the reliability ofelectronic equipment by preventing overheating, any fan failure is potentially serious. We therefore expect fans to operate reliably over a long a period of time. Since most fan failures are due to worn bearings, only high quality, steel ball bearings were once considered reliable enough. This inevitably resulted in higher cost. Recently however, technical improvements in sintered sleeve bearings have led to reliability figures at least as good as ball bearings-but at significantly lower cost.  \nReliability specifications  \nThe reliability offan can be specified in several ways but the most meaningful approach is to take itas the probability that a unit will not fail during a defined period under specified operating and ambient conditions. For example, a good quality fan may have a service life of 80,000 hours under continuous operation at 40degC ambient. The L10 specification states that less than 10% of a statistically significant number of fans should fail during 80,000 hours continuous operation at 40degC. In most equipment, fans operate atwell below40degC formost of their lives, so their actual reliability will normally be much higher. The L10 figure does, however, give a excellent comparative indication of the fan's reliability. They should not be confused with the sometimes much higher lifetime figures based on less stringent criteria which can give a completely different result.  \nThe importance of lubrication-the Achilles heel of bearings  \nIt is an accepted fact that most fan failures are caused by wear of the bearing systems so it is hardly surprising that ball bearings fans, particularly those using modern using grooved ball bearings, have long been the favoured solution. However, even the high apparent reliability of ball beatings can be misleading. They can for example, have a long calculated, modified nominal service life, according to ISO 281 standards, of several hundred thousand hours, but these values are usually not achieved in practice even in the most favourable conditions, mainly because the bearings fail earlier due to failure of their lubricant.  \nIn fact, the single most important factor affecting the reliability of a fan is the composition and reliability of the lubrication system and not the fatigue life of the bearing itself. This equally applies to DC fans where the older brushed commutation, once a common source offan failure, has now been replaced by all solid-state commutation using Hall-effect sensors with much higher reliability. Although there are various formulae for calculating the life of the lubricating oil, the results rarely agree with practice. It is therefore more useful to carry out life tests with different lubricants and to selectthe one best suited to the application. In this way, the most appropriate lubricantcan be identified to provide the required fan service life, greatly increasing predictable reliability ofthe fan.  \nTechnical Article  \nSo why sleeve bearings?  \nThere are many reasons why sleeve bearings have become a very useful alternative to ball bearings. Sleeve bearings (sometimes known as slide bearings) generate less running noise. They are less sensitive to shock and vibration. They cost less and continual technical development means that they can match the reliability of ball bearings.  \nAs a supplier of both ball bearing and sleeve bearings fans, Papst has conducted comparative life tests which show that fans with particular sleeve bearing systems can nowachieve similar reliability to those with ball bearings. i.e. an L10 lifetime of 80,000 hours ofoperation atan ambient temperature of40degC. As a result, sleeve bearing fans are now more than capable of meeting the long life requirements of d","cbCairhpUmbEdtAi","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairhpUmbEdtAi","pdf",81135,"English","# Introduction\n# Reliability specifications\n## The importance of lubrication-the Achilles heel of bearings\n# So why sleeve bearings?\n# Sintered Sleeve Bearings: the Papst SINTEC bearing\n## Lubricant circuit and start-up lubrication\n## Recirculation mechanism","[{\"question\":\"How is fan reliability specified in the article?\",\"answer\":\"Fan reliability is defined as the probability that a unit will not fail during a defined period under specified operating and ambient conditions. The L10 specification describes that less than 10% of a statistically significant number of fans should fail during the stated service life.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does lubrication dominate fan bearing reliability?\",\"answer\":\"Most fan failures are caused by bearing system wear, but the article emphasizes that real-world bearing failure occurs earlier because lubricant fails. The reliability and composition of the lubrication system affect outcomes more than bearing fatigue life.\"},{\"question\":\"What advantages do sleeve bearings provide over ball bearings?\",\"answer\":\"Sleeve bearings generate less running noise, are less sensitive to shock and vibration, cost less, and technical development can match ball-bearing reliability. They can meet long-life requirements for demanding electronics while offering lower noise and lower cost.\"}]","Fan reliability issues explored - Fan reliability issues explored | PDF"]