[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-602078-105":3,"doc-detail-602078-en":81,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":98},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","failing-the-test-or-the-failure-of-the-test-the-case-of-environmental-education-in-israel-602078","Failing the Test or the Failure of the Test: The Case of Environmental Education in Israel","","Different approaches are used to teach environmental issues, including an “environmental scientific approach” focused on factual life/earth science knowledge and an “environmental sustainability citizenry approach” that stresses balancing technological/economic progress with environmental protection. A synthesis combines both environmental scientific literacy and sustainability citizenship. The study assesses how shifting emphasis worldwide and in Israel affected Israeli eighth graders’ achievements, using TIMSS data. Results suggest TIMSS tests favored the scientific approach, making the assessment fail to reflect curricular changes and student outcomes.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/failing-the-test-or-the-failure-of-the-test-the-case-of-environmental-education-in-israel-602078/602078/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/failing-the-test-or-the-failure-of-the-test-the-case-of-environmental-education-in-israel-602078/602078.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"acoobca","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",8,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What two main approaches to environmental education does the article discuss?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"It contrasts an “environmental scientific approach” with an “environmental sustainability citizenry approach,” and explains how a synthesis can combine both.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Which study data does the article rely on to evaluate student achievement?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"It is based primarily on data from the Third Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS).",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What is the article’s main conclusion about the TIMSS-based assessment in Israel?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The TIMSS tests are considered biased toward the environmental scientific approach, so the assessment does not accurately reflect curricular changes or students’ achievements.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},602078,1792191175,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",{"doc_id":79,"user_id":84,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":85,"doc_module":4,"category_id":55,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":86,"file_id":87,"file_url":88,"file_type":89,"file_size":90,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":91,"language":92,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":93,"faqs":94,"seo_title":95,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":96,"read_time":97},3985747870733,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","SPECIAL ISSUE  \nLearning Assessments for Sustainability? Exploring the Interaction  \nbetween Two Global Movements  \neducation policy analysis archives  \nA peer-reviewed, independent, open access, multilingual journal  \nArizona State University  \n\n| Volume 29 Number 123 | September 27 , 2021 | ISSN 1068-2341 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n\nFailing the Test or the Failure of the Test: The Case of Environmental Education in Israel  \nRuth Zuzovsky  \nKibbutzim College of Education and the Arts  \nIsrael  \nCitation: Zuzovsky, R. (2021) . Failing the test or the failure of the test: The case of environmental education in Israel. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 29 (123) . [https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.29.4854](https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.29.4854) This article is part of the special issue Learning Assessments for Sustainability? Exploring the Interaction between Two Global Movements guest edited by Oren Pizmony-Levy and Dafna Gan.  \nAbstract: Different approaches are employed when teaching environmental issues. One approach, termed the “environmental scientific approach,” perceives environmental education as part of life or earth sciences, providing factual, scientific knowledge. Another approach, termed the “environmental sustainability citizenry approach”, emphasizes sustainability and balancing between the need to move forward technologically and economically and the need to protect the environments in which we and others live. A synthesis of the two approaches encompasses both environmental scientific literacy and environmental sustainability citizenry. This article examines the degree to which changes in the emphasis given to the two approaches worldwide and in Israel impacted the achievements of Israeli eighth graders in this field. Based primarily on data from the Third Mathematics and Science Study-(TIMSS), the findings indicate that the TIMSS tests were biased toward the “environmental scientific” approach, in contrast to the more recent  \nand accepted trends of the “environmental sustainability citizenry approach” embedded in Israeli curriculum. The assessment of environmental achievements in Israel, that was based on the biased test of the TIMSS study, fails to accurately reflect both the curricular changes that have taken place in Israel in this field and students' achievements, thus rendering this assessment inappropriate for this purpose.  \nKey words: TIMSS; environmental education; student achievement; Israel  \nReprobar la prueba o el fracaso de la prueba: El caso de la educación ambiental en Israel Resumen: Se utilizan diferentes enfoques para enseñar temas ambientales. En un “enfoque científico ambiental”, la educación ambiental se considera parte de las ciencias de la vida o de la tierra, que proporciona conocimientos científicos basados en hechos. Un “enfoque ciudadano desostenibilidad ambiental” enfatiza la sostenibilidad y el equilibrio entre la necesidad de avanzar tecnológica y económicamente. La síntesis de los dos enfoques abarca tanto la alfabetizacióncientífica ambiental como la ciudadanía de sostenibilidad ambiental. Este artículo examina el grado en que los cambios en el énfasis dado a los dos enfoques en todo el mundo y en Israel afectaron los logros de los estudiantes de octavo grado israelíes en este campo. Basado principalmente en datos del Tercer Estudio de Matemáticas y Ciencias (TIMSS), los hallazgos indican que las pruebas TIMSS estaban sesgadas hacia el enfoque “científico ambiental”, en contraste con las tendencias más recientes y aceptadas del “enfoque de ciudadanía desostenibilidad ambiental” integrado en el plan de estudios israelí. La evaluación de los logrosambientales en Israel, basada en la prueba sesgada del estudio TIMSS, no refleja con precisión tanto los cambios curriculares que han tenido lugar en Israel en este campo como los logros delos estudiantes, por lo que esta evaluación es inapropiada para este propósito.  \nPalabras clave: TIMSS; educación ambiental; logro estudiantil; Israel  \nP","cbCaihMR95obRryL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihMR95obRryL","pdf",553134,22,"English","# Abstract\n## Approaches to environmental education\n## The role of TIMSS and assessment bias\n## Findings and implications for Israel","[{\"question\":\"What two main approaches to environmental education does the article discuss?\",\"answer\":\"It contrasts an “environmental scientific approach” with an “environmental sustainability citizenry approach,” and explains how a synthesis can combine both.\"},{\"question\":\"Which study data does the article rely on to evaluate student achievement?\",\"answer\":\"It is based primarily on data from the Third Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS).\"},{\"question\":\"What is the article’s main conclusion about the TIMSS-based assessment in Israel?\",\"answer\":\"The TIMSS tests are considered biased toward the environmental scientific approach, so the assessment does not accurately reflect curricular changes or students’ achievements.\"}]","Failing the Test or the Failure of the Test: The Case of Environmental Education in Israel | PDF",1792093987,55,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":99},[100,104,108,112,117,122,127,130,135,138,142],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":101,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":103},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":105,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":107},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":109,"show_sort_weight":110,"slug":111},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":113,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":114,"show_sort_weight":115,"slug":116},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":119,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":128,"slug":129},30,"research-report",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":134},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":133,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":137},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":139,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":140,"show_sort_weight":139,"slug":141},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":143,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":144,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":145},19,"General","general"]