[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-31757":3,"doc-seo-31757":27},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"file_id":15,"file_url":16,"file_type":17,"file_size":18,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":19,"is_downloadable":19,"audit_status":19,"page_count":20,"language":21,"language_code":22,"table_of_contents":23,"faqs":24,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":25,"read_time":26},31757,4810365810221,"Aurora","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d",8,"Research & Report","Factory Physics 3rd Edition Wallace J. Hopp Mark L. Spearman","Factory Physics principles summarize production-system performance relationships, centered on Little’s Law and bounds on cycle time and throughput under best-case, worst-case, and practical worst-case conditions. It defines key operating measures including WIP, queue WIP, utilization, raw process time versus effective process time, variability-related statistics, and service level for make-to-order and make-to-stock settings. Additional laws address labor capacity, CONWIP with flexible labor, and how variability placement and buffering mechanisms influence cycle time degradation and system behavior.","cbCail5zhA8tQ7dE","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCail5zhA8tQ7dE","pdf",8992015,1,2403,"English","en","# Factory Physics Principles\n## Little's Law and WIP-Throughput Relationships\n## Best-, Worst-, and Practical Worst-Case Performance\n## Labor Capacity and CONWIP with Flexible Labor\n## Variability, Placement, and Buffering Mechanisms\n## Key Definitions: WIP, Utilization, Process Time, Service Level","[{\"question\":\"How does Little’s Law relate WIP, throughput, and cycle time in a production line?\",\"answer\":\"It expresses the relationship as WIP = TH × CT, linking work in process to throughput and cycle time.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the difference between best-case and worst-case performance cycle time?\",\"answer\":\"Best-case cycle time is given as CTbest for a specified WIP level, while worst-case performance uses a larger, more constrained value CTworst for the same WIP.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does increasing variability degrade production performance?\",\"answer\":\"Variability always degrades performance; variability occurring earlier in routing increases cycle time more than equivalent variability later.\"}]",1780088492,6056,{"code":4,"msg":28,"data":29},"ok",{"site_id":30,"language":22,"slug":31,"title":13,"keywords":32,"description":14,"schema_data":33,"social_meta":84,"head_meta":86,"extra_data":88,"updated_unix":25},105,"factory-physics-3rd-edition-wallace-j-hopp-mark-l-spearman","",{"@graph":34,"@context":83},[35,52,66],{"@type":36,"itemListElement":37},"BreadcrumbList",[38,42,46,49],{"item":39,"name":40,"@type":41,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":43,"name":44,"@type":41,"position":45},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":47,"name":12,"@type":41,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":50,"name":13,"@type":41,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/factory-physics-3rd-edition-wallace-j-hopp-mark-l-spearman/31757/",4,{"url":50,"name":13,"@type":53,"author":54,"headline":13,"publisher":56,"fileFormat":59,"description":14,"dateModified":60,"datePublished":60,"encodingFormat":59,"isAccessibleForFree":61,"interactionStatistic":62},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":55},"Person",{"url":39,"name":57,"@type":58},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-05-29",true,{"@type":63,"interactionType":64,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":65},"ViewAction",{"@type":67,"mainEntity":68},"FAQPage",[69,75,79],{"name":70,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":72},"How does Little’s Law relate WIP, throughput, and cycle time in a production line?","Question",{"text":73,"@type":74},"It expresses the relationship as WIP = TH × CT, linking work in process to throughput and cycle time.","Answer",{"name":76,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":77},"What is the difference between best-case and worst-case performance cycle time?",{"text":78,"@type":74},"Best-case cycle time is given as CTbest for a specified WIP level, while worst-case performance uses a larger, more constrained value CTworst for the same WIP.",{"name":80,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":81},"Why does increasing variability degrade production performance?",{"text":82,"@type":74},"Variability always degrades performance; variability occurring earlier in routing increases cycle time more than equivalent variability later.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":50,"og:type":85,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":57,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":87,"canonical":50},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":30}]