[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-600712-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-600712-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","factors-that-shape-design-thinking","Factors That Shape Design Thinking","","A wide range of design scholarship examines how studio practice and pedagogy contribute to the development of design thinking, yet critical pedagogy and student perspectives remain insufficiently addressed. This study analyzes the experiences of six first-year design students evolving their conceptions of design through three interviews. Data analysis confirms and recontextualizes literature-identified influences, and adds factors tied to group work, culture shock, critique, identity, and the roles of professors, mentors, and curricula. Future research directions are outlined.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/factors-that-shape-design-thinking/600712/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/factors-that-shape-design-thinking/600712.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"dhado","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",6,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What gap does the study aim to address in design thinking research?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"It notes that although many scholars discuss studio and pedagogy as influences, a complete understanding from a critical pedagogy or student perspective is lacking.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How was data collected for this study?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The researchers collected data during a series of three interviews with six first-year design students.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What additional factors did the analysis identify beyond the literature?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The study reports added influences related to group work, culture shock, critique, individual versus group identity, and the design impact of professors, mentors, and curricula.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},600712,1792166429,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,105,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":111,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},5909893218464,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","Factors That Shape Design Thinking Colin M. Gray, Indiana University Bloomington, USA  \nRESEARCH  \n8  \nAbstract  \nA wide range of design literature discusses the role of the studio and its related pedagogy in the development of design thinking. Scholars in a variety of design disciplines pose a number of factors that potentially affect this development process, but a full understanding of these factors as experienced from a critical pedagogy or student perspective is lacking. In this study, the experiences of six first-year design students were examined as they evolved in their conceptions of design. Data was collected during a series of three interviews. Analysis of data confirmed andrecontextualized factors identified in the literature. Additional factors relating to group work, culture shock, critique, individual versus group identity, and the design influence of professors, mentors, and curricula are identified and reported. Opportunities for future research are identified.  \nPersonal and Pedagogical Factors That Shape Design Thinking  \nDesign as a recognized discipline and method of inquiry has increased in scope and breadth, while the focus of design pedagogy has shifted to recognize and adapt to digital methodologies and react to factors encountered in traditional design learning. Studio design pedagogies have adapted over time through the differentiation of design disciplines (Findeli, 1990), but the blending of functional and structural elements in a problem solving orientation are relatively consistent across a wide variety of design disciplines (Brandt et al. 2008; Kuhn, 2001) . Even though a core design pedagogy has been widely implemented across these disciplines, the process of moving a student toward mastery, including changing the way they think about design (Cross 2011; Siegel and Stolterman 2008), is not well understood. In this study, the experiences of first-year design students were identified and evaluated in order to understand factors that shaped their design thinking. The perspective of the researcher in this study can be framed in terms of critical pedagogy, which Dutton (1991) describes in his evaluation of the “hidden curriculum” in architectural education as the “unstated values, attitudes, and norms which stem tacitly from the social relations of the school and classroom as well as the content of the course”(p. 167) . This study also explicitly takes the standpoint of the design student and their experience within the pedagogy, drawing on the perspectives of Anthony (1991) and Willenbrock (1991) to gain a richer understanding of the student experience.  \nTo address this critical perspective, this study focuses on identifying the factors that appear to affect first-year design students in their development of designerly thinking during their first semester of graduate education.  \nThe discussion is first grounded with working definitions of design thinking and the studio, and then report the findings of an extensive literature review on factors that may shape design thinking. Based on the factors found in the literature review, the experiences of six first-year design students enrolled in a Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) program will be discussed, including the array of factors that affected their evolving conceptions of design during their first semester of graduate study. This discussion includes evaluation of gaps in the current literature and productive paths for future research.  \nReview of Literature  \nDesign disciplines are generally seen as bound by the methodology and praxis of the design studio (Cross, 2007; Schön, 1983), which is comprised of an informal learning environment shaped by exploration, peer and instructor critique, and minimal direct instruction. The design studio is typically structured on the enactment and modelling of design thinking, whereby individuals learn to think and act in a context of design judgment and situational appropriateness to develop and defend solutions","cbCaiiysnkfB0fTO","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiysnkfB0fTO","pdf",119168,13,"English","# Abstract\n## Personal and Pedagogical Factors That Shape Design Thinking\n## Review of Literature","[{\"question\":\"What gap does the study aim to address in design thinking research?\",\"answer\":\"It notes that although many scholars discuss studio and pedagogy as influences, a complete understanding from a critical pedagogy or student perspective is lacking.\"},{\"question\":\"How was data collected for this study?\",\"answer\":\"The researchers collected data during a series of three interviews with six first-year design students.\"},{\"question\":\"What additional factors did the analysis identify beyond the literature?\",\"answer\":\"The study reports added influences related to group work, culture shock, critique, individual versus group identity, and the design impact of professors, mentors, and curricula.\"}]","Factors That Shape Design Thinking | PDF",1792091240,33]