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The study pinpoints and analyzes key drivers of under-education and outlines actionable solutions to strengthen educational outcomes and support sustainable development. A mixed-methods design combines quantitative and qualitative evidence: household surveys (1,000) across urban and rural areas, in-depth interviews with 50 educators, policymakers, and community leaders, and school field observations. Regression and factor analysis are used to interpret results.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/factors-influencing-under-education-in-cameroon-a-comprehensive-analysis/591316/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/factors-influencing-under-education-in-cameroon-a-comprehensive-analysis/591316.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"eBook King","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-25","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the study’s focus regarding under-education in Cameroon?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study identifies primary factors contributing to under-education and proposes actionable solutions to improve educational outcomes in Cameroon.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What methods and data sources were used to conduct the research?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study uses a mixed-methods approach with surveys of 1,000 households, in-depth interviews with 50 stakeholders, and field observations in 20 schools.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which major categories of factors influence under-education according to the literature review?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The literature review groups influences into economic barriers, cultural norms (including gender-related disadvantages), political instability and conflict, and health and nutrition challenges.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},591316,1792891374,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":31,"preview_page_count":4},962088006270,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","African Educational Research Journal Vol. 12(3), pp. 182-201, August 2024  \nDOI: 10. 30918/AERJ.123.24.040 ISSN: 2354-2160  \nFull Length Research Paper  \nFactors influencing under-education in Cameroon: A comprehensive analysis  \nAtina Ndindeng  \nDepartment of Languages and Cultures, University of Chester, United Kingdom .  \nAccepted 12 August, 2024  \n\n| ABSTRACT\u003Cbr>Under-education in Cameroon significantly hampers the nation's socio-economic development. Addressing this issue is crucial for enhancing the overall quality of life and economic growth of the country. This study identifies and analyses the primary factors contributing to under-education, offering actionable solutions to improve educational outcomes and promote sustainable development. The study employed a mixedmethods approach combining quantitative and qualitative data. Surveys were conducted with 1,000 households across urban and rural regions, alongside in-depth interviews with 50 educators, policymakers, and community leaders, and field observations in 20 schools. Structured questionnaires, semi-structured interview guides, and observation checklists were used. Advanced statistical techniques, including regression and factor analysis, were applied.\u003Cbr>Keywords: Under-education, Cameroon, socio-economic barriers, child labour, gender disparities, political instability, educational facilities, teacher shortages, health, nutrition. |\n| --- |\n| *Corresponding author. Email: [a.ndindeng@chester.ac.uk](a.ndindeng@chester.ac.uk). |\n\nINTRODUCTION  \nUnder-education in Cameroon poses a significant challenge to the nation’s socio-economic development. Many children, especially in rural areas, are either not attending school or receiving substandard education. This study aims to identify the primary factors contributing to under-education in Cameroon and propose actionable solutions. The originality of this study lies in its comprehensive analysis, integrating socio-economic, cultural, political, and infrastructural dimensions and comparing these factors with those in other African, Western, and Asian countries. Through original research and innovative methodologies, this article offers new insights and practical recommendations for improving educational outcomes in Cameroon.  \nLITERATURE REVIEW  \nA thorough review of existing literature reveals a complex  \nweb of factors influencing under-education in Cameroon. Critical studies have highlighted economic barriers, cultural norms, political instability, and inadequate infrastructure as significant contributors. This review adopts a funnel approach to provide a comprehensive understanding, examining global, continental, and local studies on the factors affecting education.  \nGlobal studies  \nGlobally, under-education hinges on factors that vary across different contexts.  \nEconomic barriers  \nEconomic barriers are a primary cause of undereducation in developing countries. According to UNESCO  \nNdindeng 183  \n(2023), elevated poverty levels restrict access to education as families prioritize immediate survival overlong-term educational benefits. The World Bank (2022) emphasizes that economic constraints and child labour impede educational attainment. Similarly, Banerjee and Duflo (2019), in their updated edition of \"Poor Economics\", discuss how financial constraints lead to low school enrolment and high dropout rates in poor communities. Banerjee and Duflo (2019) align with earlier findings by UNESCO (2020) and the World Bank (2018), indicating a persistent issue despite various interventions.  \nCultural norms  \nCultural norms are critical in educational access and retention. In most parts of the world, gender disparities in education persist due to cultural beliefs and practices. UNESCO (2021) reports that in South Asia, early marriage and gender-based violence significantly hinder girls' education. Additionally, a report by UNICEF (2022) highlights that in many African and Asian countries, traditional norms often dictate e","cbCaibbPpZauTW7b","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibbPpZauTW7b","pdf",476078,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Literature Review\n## Global studies\n## Continental studies (Africa)\n## Economic barriers\n## Cultural norms\n## Political instability and conflict\n## Health and nutrition","[{\"question\":\"What is the study’s focus regarding under-education in Cameroon?\",\"answer\":\"The study identifies primary factors contributing to under-education and proposes actionable solutions to improve educational outcomes in Cameroon.\"},{\"question\":\"What methods and data sources were used to conduct the research?\",\"answer\":\"The study uses a mixed-methods approach with surveys of 1,000 households, in-depth interviews with 50 stakeholders, and field observations in 20 schools.\"},{\"question\":\"Which major categories of factors influence under-education according to the literature review?\",\"answer\":\"The literature review groups influences into economic barriers, cultural norms (including gender-related disadvantages), political instability and conflict, and health and nutrition challenges.\"}]","Factors influencing under-education in Cameroon - A comprehensive analysis | PDF",1792071574]