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Evidence comes from online responses, observation fieldnotes, and interviews. Findings show student teachers valued the protocols as useful pedagogical tools, especially for focusing on reading and analyzing news. Through face-to-face and Facebook discussions on 33 news reports, they learned current education policies, developed English instructional strategies, and examined policy–practice gaps in co-teaching. Implementation suggestions address preparation, protocol selection, and integrating theory.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/facilitating-taiwanese-elementary-school-english-student-teachers-learning-through-text-based-protocols/594108/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/facilitating-taiwanese-elementary-school-english-student-teachers-learning-through-text-based-protocols/594108.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Franzy","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-20","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What data sources were used to analyze student teachers’ learning through text-based protocols?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study used online responses, observation fieldnotes, and interviews to analyze eight student teachers’ learning during practicum.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What did student teachers find especially useful about the text-based protocols?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"They regarded the protocols as useful pedagogical tools, particularly providing a clear focus on reading and analyzing the news.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How were the text-based protocols implemented during the practicum?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Text-based protocols were integrated as blended learning (face-to-face and online) to support discussion of 33 English education news reports.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},594108,1792231283,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},2336478945519,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","Australian Journal of Teacher Education  \n\n| Volume 47  Issue 10 | Article 1 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 2022\u003Cbr>Facilitating Taiwanese Elementary School English Student Teachers’Learning Through Text-Based Protocols\u003Cbr>Chin-Wen Chien\u003Cbr>National Tsing Hua University\u003Cbr>Follow this and additional works at: [https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ajte](https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ajte) |  |\n\nRecommended Citation  \nChien, C. (2022) . Facilitating Taiwanese Elementary School English Student Teachers’ Learning Through Text-Based Protocols. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 47(10) .  \n[http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2022v47n10.1](http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2022v47n10.1)  \n[This Journal Article is posted at Research Online.](This Journal Article is posted at Research Online.)[ ](This Journal Article is posted at Research Online.)[https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ajte/vol47/iss10/1](https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ajte/vol47/iss10/1)  \nFacilitating Taiwanese Elementary School English Student Teachers’Learning Through Text-Based Protocols  \nChin-Wen Chien  \nNational Tsing Hua University, Taiwan  \nAbstract: This study used online responses, observation fieldnotes,  \nand interviews to analyze eight student teachers’learning through text-based protocols on news analysis during their practicum, a core component for beginning teachers’competence construction, in a language teacher education program in the northwest of Taiwan. This study revealed that student teachers regarded the text-based protocols as useful pedagogical tools, particularly offering a clear focus on reading and analyzing the news. Through face-to-face and Facebook discussions on 33 news reports, student teachers became familiar with the latest policies and trends on English education, constructed their pedagogical competence in English instructional strategies, and examined the gap between policies and practice on the co-teaching model. Suggestions on effective implementation of the text-based  \nprotocols on discussing education news are provided in terms of preparation of a variety of news or issues, selection of the appropriate text-based protocols, and integration of theories on news analysis and discussions.  \nKey words: news analysis, practicum, student teachers, text-based protocols  \nIntroduction  \nPracticum is considered one of the crucial components of language teacher training programs for pre-service teachers, particularly due to the impact on their future career (Gan, 2013; Riesky, 2013) . The actual field experience offered in the practicum facilitates student teachers’ identity construction from aspiring to become language teachers to actually being language teachers (Kanno & Stuart, 2011) .  \nOne of the anxieties that EFL (English as a foreign language) student teachers face is the lack of knowledge of linguistics and education (Agustiana, 2015) . Student teachers in Taiwan are required to be familiar with updated educational news and issues in order to develop their expertise and competence during their practicum (Ministry of Education, 2018) . Hence, they must be abreast of current educational policies and practices (Zhan, 2008) . However, student teachers are not aware of the latest policies on language education or the educational context of their practicum, nor can they discuss educational issues critically or in depth.  \nProtocols used during teachers’professional dialogue can foster teachers’ deeper discussions, elicit higher levels of thinking, and increase interaction (Ehrlich, et al., 2013) . Protocol-based conversations are regarded as “powerful evidence-based conversations”(p. 29), according to Earl and Timperley (2009), because teachers can use relevant data to structure their talk about teaching and learning in order to promote deeper understanding in a  \nmutually respectful environment (Little & Curry, 2009) .  \nMoving beyond using protocols only in face-to-face teachers’ learning community or professional dialogue, text-based protocols, such as the Four A’s Text Protocol, were inte","cbCaiv0ipbtBxyMz","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiv0ipbtBxyMz","pdf",344297,18,"English","# Introduction\n## Practicum and identity construction\n## Challenges in EFL student teacher development\n## Protocol-based conversations and text-based protocols\n# Literature Review\n## Types of text-based protocols\n## Examples such as Four A’s Text\n# Study Focus and Research Questions\n## Participants’ attitudes toward integration\n## Learning gained from integration\n## Challenges during implementation","[{\"question\":\"What data sources were used to analyze student teachers’ learning through text-based protocols?\",\"answer\":\"The study used online responses, observation fieldnotes, and interviews to analyze eight student teachers’ learning during practicum.\"},{\"question\":\"What did student teachers find especially useful about the text-based protocols?\",\"answer\":\"They regarded the protocols as useful pedagogical tools, particularly providing a clear focus on reading and analyzing the news.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the text-based protocols implemented during the practicum?\",\"answer\":\"Text-based protocols were integrated as blended learning (face-to-face and online) to support discussion of 33 English education news reports.\"}]","Facilitating Taiwanese Elementary School English Student Teachers’ Learning Through Text-Based Protocols | PDF",1792078547,45]