[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-360567-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-360567-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","extracellular-vesicles-in-nipple-discharge-for-breast-cancer-screening","Extracellular vesicles in nipple discharge for breast cancer screening","","Nipple discharge is a major symptom of breast cancer, yet its low volume restricts current diagnostic utility. This study develops a noninvasive approach by identifying extracellular vesicles miRNAs from nipple discharge using cellulose nanofiber (CNF) sheets. Patients with nipple discharge were enrolled from two institutions, with ND-EVs isolated from multiple clinical categories and compared with intracystic fluid and tissue-derived EVs. miRNA sequencing and qRT-PCR validation supported candidate biomarkers, and ROC analyses showed strong diagnostic discrimination.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/extracellular-vesicles-in-nipple-discharge-for-breast-cancer-screening/360567/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/extracellular-vesicles-in-nipple-discharge-for-breast-cancer-screening/360567.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Mimi","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Why are extracellular vesicles and miRNAs in nipple discharge being studied for screening?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Nipple discharge can reflect breast cancer, but its low volume limits diagnosis. Extracellular vesicles carry miRNAs that may provide detectable molecular biomarkers.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How were nipple discharge extracellular vesicles (ND-EVs) collected in this study?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"ND-EVs were isolated from nipple discharge samples using cellulose nanofiber (CNF) sheets, followed by miRNA sequencing and additional comparisons with other sources from the same patients.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Which miRNAs showed diagnostic value, and how was performance assessed?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"miR-342-3p, miR-20b-5p, and miR-550a-5p were identified as candidate biomarkers, and four additional miRNAs were observed as commonly upregulated. ROC curve analyses evaluated diagnostic performance using AUC values for breast cancer and DCIS.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},360567,1790211718,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":55,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},2336477974920,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Breast Cancer Research and Treatment (2026) 217:53 [https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-026-07975-9](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-026-07975-9)  \nRESEARCH  \nExtracellular vesicles in nipple discharge for breast cancer screening  \nYuri Ozaki1 · Kosuke Yoshida2,3 · Takahiro Ichikawa1 · Masami Kitagawa2 · Masamichi Kato4 · Ravi Velaga1 · Madoka Iwase1 · YukoTakano1,5 · Dai Takeuchi1 · Toyone Kikumori1 · Kazuyoshi Murata6,7,8 · Takao Yasui9,10 · Masayuki Nagahashi1 · Tomoki Ebata11 · Hiroaki Kajiyama2 · Norikazu Masuda1,12 · Akira Yokoi2,3  \nReceived: 22 February 2026 / Accepted: 21 April 2026 / Published online: 17 June 2026 © The Author(s) 2026  \nAbstract  \nPurpose Nipple discharge (ND) is one ofits major symptoms of breast cancer. However, the low volume of NDs has limited their diagnostic capability. This study aimed to identify extracellular vesicles (EVs) miRNAs in ND using cellulose nanofiber (CNF) sheets to develop clinical biomarkers.  \nMethods Patients with ND from two independent institutions between 2023 and 2024 were included. ND-EVs were isolated from 23 samples [normal, n = 8; intraductal papilloma, n = 1; ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), n = 8; invasive ductal carcinoma, n = 6] using CNF sheets. Additionally, miRNAs were also analyzed from intracystic fluid, tumor tissue, and tissue surface EVs from the same patients, and miRNA sequencing was performed.  \nResults miRNA sequencing for ND-EVs revealed distinct clustering between cancer and normal groups, identifying miR- 342-3p, miR-20b-5p, and miR-550a-5p as candidate biomarkers. ND-EV miRNA profiles reflected tumor tissue characteristics, especially in DCIS. Four additional miRNAs (miR-92b-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-182-5p, miR-96-5p) were commonly upregulated in DCIS tissue, tissue surface, and ND-EVs. These miRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR. ROC curve analyses demonstrated that combining the five miRNAs yielded high diagnostic performance, with AUCs of 0.902 for breast cancer and 0.938 for DCIS. A subset of three miRNAs also showed robust discrimination ability.  \nConclusion ND-EV miRNAs collected via CNF sheets show great potential as noninvasive biomarkers for early breast cancer detection.  \nKeywords Extracellular vesicles · Exosomes · Nipple discharge · Breast cancer · microRNA  \nYuri Ozaki and Kosuke Yoshida contributed equally to this work.  \n􀀍 Akira Yokoi[ayokoi@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp](ayokoi@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp)  \n1 Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan  \n2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan  \n3 Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan  \n4 KATO Surgery-Gynecology-Obstetrics-Breast Clinic, 5-8 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-0027, Japan  \n5 Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan  \n6 Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan  \n7 National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan  \n8 Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan  \n9 Department of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Science Tokyo, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan  \n10 Research Institute for Quantum and Chemical Innovation, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan  \n11 Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan  \n12 Department of Breast Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 5","cbCaipeVVYIIsq3E","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipeVVYIIsq3E","pdf",3129307,"English","# Abstract\n# Purpose\n# Methods\n# Results\n# Conclusion\n# Keywords\n# Background\n# Abbreviations","[{\"question\":\"Why are extracellular vesicles and miRNAs in nipple discharge being studied for screening?\",\"answer\":\"Nipple discharge can reflect breast cancer, but its low volume limits diagnosis. Extracellular vesicles carry miRNAs that may provide detectable molecular biomarkers.\"},{\"question\":\"How were nipple discharge extracellular vesicles (ND-EVs) collected in this study?\",\"answer\":\"ND-EVs were isolated from nipple discharge samples using cellulose nanofiber (CNF) sheets, followed by miRNA sequencing and additional comparisons with other sources from the same patients.\"},{\"question\":\"Which miRNAs showed diagnostic value, and how was performance assessed?\",\"answer\":\"miR-342-3p, miR-20b-5p, and miR-550a-5p were identified as candidate biomarkers, and four additional miRNAs were observed as commonly upregulated. ROC curve analyses evaluated diagnostic performance using AUC values for breast cancer and DCIS.\"}]","Extracellular vesicles in nipple discharge for breast cancer screening | PDF",1790140541,33]