[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-86192-en":3,"doc-seo-86192-105":28,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":89},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":11,"language":21,"language_code":22,"site_id":23,"html_lang":22,"table_of_contents":24,"faqs":25,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":26,"read_time":27},86192,13056703019662,"Evangeline","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/be000253a8e92610077?_k=1778726343310543188",8,"Research & Report","Extending Decision Maps for Sustainable Safety and Security in Self-Adaptive Systems","Sustainability enables software systems to maintain functionality over time, making it a crucial property for Self-Adaptive Systems (SASs) that change behavior at runtime to keep meeting objectives. Intended long-term behavior can be modeled with sustainability-driven Decision Maps (DMs), yet existing notation lacks sufficient support for safety and security concerns. This work extends DM modeling by adding a safety-incident dimension and using fine-grained temporal “security modes,” validated in a real industry scenario to support self-adaptation life-cycle phases.","Extending Decision Maps for Sustainable Safety and Security in Self-Adaptive Systems  \nMarco Stadler (Johannes Kepler University Linz, LIT Secure and Correct Systems Lab / Institute of Business Informatics – Software Engineering; [marco.stadler@jku.at](marco.stadler@jku.at))  \nWesley K.G. Assunção (North Carolina State University, Department of Computer Science; [wguezas@ncsu.edu](wguezas@ncsu.edu)) Michael Vierhauser (University of Innsbruck, Department of Computer Science; [michael.vierhauser@uibk.ac.at](michael.vierhauser@uibk.ac.at))  \nIris Groher (Johannes Kepler University Linz, Institute of Business Informatics – Software Engineering; [iris.groher@jku.at](iris.groher@jku.at)) Michael Riegler (ENGEL Austria GmbH, Information Security; michael.riegler@engel.at)  \nJohannes Sametinger (Johannes Kepler University Linz, LIT Secure and Correct Systems Lab / Institute of Business Informatics – Software Engineering; [johannes.sametinger@jku.at](johannes.sametinger@jku.at))  \n13 Jul 2026  \nDOI: TBA  \nABSTRACT  \nSustainability refers to a system’s ability to maintain its functionality and endure over time. Hence, sustainability is a highly desirable property of software systems, including Self-Adaptive Systems (SASs). SASs can change (adapt) their behavior at runtime to continue achieving their objectives despite external or internal impacts. SASs’ intended long-term system behavior can be expressed through a sustainability-driven visual modeling notation called Decision Maps (DMs). Although DMs have been proven helpful, they lack adequate modeling support for safety and se-  \narXiv :2607 . 1 1274v1 [ cs . SE]  \ncurity concerns. We address this limitation by extending the current notation for sustainability-driven modeling of SASs to better accommodate the unique characteristics of safety and security scenarios. First, we introduce an additional modeling dimension to account for safety incidents. Second, we adopt a fine-grained divide-and-conquer approach, modeling from distinct temporal security viewpoints (“security modes”) to address security. We employ the extended DM notation in a real-world use case scenario provided by our industry partner to assess its feasibility and suitability for practitioners. Our results indicate that our modeling notation helps capture security and safety scenarios more accurately and provides holistic support for the self-adaptation life cycle phases.  \n1 Introduction  \nSoftware systems that handle distributed applications in dynamic environments typically require human oversight to operate both reliably and safely [1] . Self-adaptive systems (SASs) commonly address this challenge by employing a feedback loop mechanism that autonomously adjusts to, for example, environmental changes to preserve the system’s utility without constant human intervention [1] . In many domains, SASs often also exhibit safetyand security-critical characteristics [2, 3, 4] . For instance, a selfadaptive robotic system should never harm the humans working in close proximity (safety), nor should it be possible for a malicious actor to trigger such behavior (security) . These characteristics can be denoted as software intents, describing the essential sustainability boundaries on, and expectations of a system’s behavior [5, 6] . Hence, for a software system to preserve safety and security over  \ntime, it must meet its corresponding security and safety intents.  \nWhile SAS engineering addresses primarily long-term technical sustainability (e.g., maintainability [7]), runtime adaptation typically optimizes for short-term technical properties [8] such as performance, reliability, or availability [9, 10, 11] . Such a shortterm focus often neglects a holistic sustainability perspective that explicitly balances safety and security as core pillars alongside environmental and social concerns.  \nSustainability modeling [12] offers a complementary perspective, framing adaptation as a long-term, value-driven process, rather than an imm","cbCaikTqR7OpXLVn","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikTqR7OpXLVn","pdf",630616,1,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Sustainability and self-adaptation context\n## Decision Maps and limitations for safety/security\n## Research questions and contributions","[{\"question\":\"What gap does the paper address in existing Decision Maps for Self-Adaptive Systems?\",\"answer\":\"Current Decision Map techniques support sustainability-driven adaptation intent, but do not provide adequate modeling detail for safety and security concerns, nor do they capture runtime priority shifts caused by security incidents.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the proposed extension to Decision Maps represent safety incidents?\",\"answer\":\"The approach introduces an additional modeling dimension dedicated to safety incidents, enabling the notation to reflect sustainable safety concerns more precisely.\"},{\"question\":\"How are security issues handled in the extended modeling approach?\",\"answer\":\"Security is addressed through a fine-grained divide-and-conquer strategy that models from distinct temporal security viewpoints called “security modes,” allowing secure adaptation behavior to be reasoned across time.\"}]",1784209271,20,{"code":4,"msg":29,"data":30},"ok",{"site_id":23,"language":22,"slug":31,"title":13,"keywords":32,"description":14,"schema_data":33,"social_meta":84,"head_meta":86,"extra_data":88,"updated_unix":26},"extending-decision-maps-for-sustainable-safety-and-security-in-self-adaptive-systems","",{"@graph":34,"@context":83},[35,52,66],{"@type":36,"itemListElement":37},"BreadcrumbList",[38,42,46,49],{"item":39,"name":40,"@type":41,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":43,"name":44,"@type":41,"position":45},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":47,"name":12,"@type":41,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":50,"name":13,"@type":41,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/extending-decision-maps-for-sustainable-safety-and-security-in-self-adaptive-systems/86192/",4,{"url":50,"name":13,"@type":53,"author":54,"headline":13,"publisher":56,"fileFormat":59,"inLanguage":22,"description":14,"dateModified":60,"datePublished":60,"encodingFormat":59,"isAccessibleForFree":61,"interactionStatistic":62},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":55},"Person",{"url":39,"name":57,"@type":58},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-16",true,{"@type":63,"interactionType":64,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":65},"ViewAction",{"@type":67,"mainEntity":68},"FAQPage",[69,75,79],{"name":70,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":72},"What gap does the paper address in existing Decision Maps for Self-Adaptive Systems?","Question",{"text":73,"@type":74},"Current Decision Map techniques support sustainability-driven adaptation intent, but do not provide adequate modeling detail for safety and security concerns, nor do they capture runtime priority shifts caused by security incidents.","Answer",{"name":76,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":77},"How does the proposed extension to Decision Maps represent safety incidents?",{"text":78,"@type":74},"The approach introduces an additional modeling dimension dedicated to safety incidents, enabling the notation to reflect sustainable safety concerns more precisely.",{"name":80,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":81},"How are security issues handled in the extended modeling approach?",{"text":82,"@type":74},"Security is addressed through a fine-grained divide-and-conquer strategy that models from distinct temporal security viewpoints called “security modes,” allowing secure adaptation behavior to 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