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This study investigates college students’ reading reflections and aims to identify students’ FLRA levels and the most likely factors contributing to FLRA in the TOEFL reading test. Using purposive sampling, 22 English Department students participated in 2022/2023. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected via the FLRAS Likert-scale questionnaire and interviews.",{"@graph":69,"@context":114},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exposing-efl-students-flra-in-reading-section-the-case-of-toefl-course/494903/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/exposing-efl-students-flra-in-reading-section-the-case-of-toefl-course/494903.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Eliana","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-10-01",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What factors are identified as significant contributors to FL reading anxiety?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The results indicate that fear of making mistakes is identified as a significant factor, especially when students read with unfamiliar vocabulary and unknown topics.","Answer","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":116,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":118,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":120,"site_id":62},494903,1791851844,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":123},{"doc_id":120,"user_id":124,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":125,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":126,"file_id":127,"file_url":128,"file_type":129,"file_size":130,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":131,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":132,"faqs":133,"seo_title":134,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":135,"read_time":46,"preview_page_count":4},4398048949847,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/400002536579ef2da7f?_k=1778318612642679267","Exposing EFL Students’FLRA in Reading Section: The Case of  \nTOEFL Course  \nFatin Nadifa Tarigan1, Dian Heriani2, Anni Alvionita Simanjuntak3, Siti Aminah Hasibuan4  \n1,4 Universitas Pembinaan Masyarakat Indonesia, Indonesia, 2Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya, Indonesia, 3Universitas  \nPembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Indonesia  \n\n|  ARTICLE INFO  |  | ABSTRACT\u003Cbr>Foreign Language Reading Anxiety (FLRA) becomes increasingly crucial for EFL students since it prevents the learners' reading grasp. This study reports on college students’ reflections on reading. The study's main objective was to determine students' reading anxiety levels and discover the most potential factors contributing to students’ Foreign Language Reading Anxiety (FLRA) in TOEFL Test. It was administered to 22 students of the English Department in Universitas Pembinaan Masyarakat Indonesia using purposive sampling in the academic year 2022/2023 . To achieve this purpose, this study utilized both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The data were collected using a Foreign Language Reading Anxiety Scale (FLRAS) questionnaire with five-point Likert scale participants and an interview sheet to examine the levels of their reading anxiety and its factors. The results demonstrate that the student's reading anxiety levels were 18% in the low category, 64% in the medium category, and 18% in the high category. It indicates that they experienced a medium level of anxiety while reading with unfamiliar vocabulary and unknown topics, and the fear of making mistakes was identified as the significant factor ofFL reading anxiety. |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Article history:\u003Cbr>Received May 01, 2023 Revised June 15, 2023 Accepted July 16, 2023 |  |  |\n| Keywords:\u003Cbr>Anxiety, FLRA, Reading, TOEFL |  |  |\n| Conflict of Interest:\u003Cbr>None |  |  |\n| Funding:\u003Cbr>None |  |  |\n| Corresponding Author: Fatin Nadifa Tarigan, Lecturer at Universitas Pembinaan Masyarakat Indonesia, Medan, [Indonesia. Email:](Indonesia. Email: nadifafatin11@gmail.com)[ ](Indonesia. Email: nadifafatin11@gmail.com)[nadifafatin11@gmail.com](Indonesia. Email: nadifafatin11@gmail.com). |  |  |\n| | © Fatin Nadifa Tarigan, Dian Heriani, Anni Alvionita Simanjuntak, Siti Aminah Hasibuan\u003Cbr>This is an open-access article under the CC BY-SA 4.0 international license. |  |\n\n1. Introduction  \nAs a foreign language, learning English raises challenges in non-English-speaking countries. Most academic texts are written in English, and most foreign language (FL) learners must read many English texts. In order to find out the learners' level in mastering English skills requires the standard test of a foreign language known as TOEFL. Despite the significance of TOEFL, many students still need to meet the standard minimum score.  \nStudies on TOEFL are still blooming, particularly in Indonesia, since getting a particular score on the TOEFL is a requirement for non-native English speakers to pursue studies. Such as in the US and Indonesia, TOEFL is also required in the academic atmosphere. Some universities require students to acquire TOEFL scores for graduate admission (Samad & Fitriani, 2017) . In consequence, to achieve TOEFL score goals, some difficulties during completing tests needed to be known to solve. Several aspects in the current format of PBT TOEFL consist of three sections – listening comprehension, structure and written expression, and reading comprehension.  \nAmong those three sections, reading comprehension is focused due to most students' low interest in the reading section. Most previous studies found that reading comprehension is the most crucial section among the three language skills tested in the TOEFL (Anjomshoa & Zamanian, 2014) . One of the challenges is anxiety that some FL learners might suffer from. The anxiety in reading is often referred to as Foreign Language Reading Anxiety (FLRA) .  \nFL reading anxiety is distinguished from FL anxiety since it is a more specific anxiety learners experience while r","cbCairsgTAVWKVld","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairsgTAVWKVld","pdf",299438,"English","# Introduction\n## Foreign language reading anxiety (FLRA)\n## TOEFL reading comprehension and student challenges\n## Factors affecting FLRA levels","[{\"question\":\"What factors are identified as significant contributors to FL reading anxiety?\",\"answer\":\"The results indicate that fear of making mistakes is identified as a significant factor, especially when students read with unfamiliar vocabulary and unknown topics.\"}]","Exposing EFL Students’ FLRA in Reading Section - The Case of TOEFL Course | PDF",1790899155]