[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-129763-en":3,"doc-seo-129763-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":93},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},129763,2336475104362,"Eden","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c4c46a41b752dd?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786595829695023868",8,"Research & Report","Exponential Inequalities - Equality Law in Times of Crisis","The text presents a scholarly collection edited by Shreya Atrey and Sandra Fredman on how equality law responded during the Covid-19 pandemic. The foreword argues that the crisis intensified inequality worldwide, pushing already disadvantaged groups deeper into poverty, danger, and ill health. It emphasizes that equality law was rarely invoked and often proved ineffective, reflecting limits such as backward-looking frameworks, inadequate recognition of protected identities, weak remedies, and reliance on litigation rather than policy. Reform proposals are highlighted to better protect socio-economic rights and advance substantive equality.","Exponential Inequalities  \nExponential Inequalities Equality Law in Times of Crisis  \nEdited by  \nSHREYA ATREY  \nAND  \nSANDRA FRED MAN  \nGreat Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP,  \nUnited Kingdom  \nOxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries  \n© The several contributors 2022  \nThe moral rights of the authors have been asserted First Edition published in 2022  \nImpression: 1  \nAll rights reserved. No part of this publication maybe reproduced, stored ina retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted bylaw, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above  \nYou must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Public sector information reproduced under Open Government Licence v3.0 ([http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/open-government-licence.htm](http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/open-government-licence.htm)) Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press  \n198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America  \nBritish Library Cataloguing in Publication Data  \nData available  \nLibrary of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data  \nData available  \nISBN 978–0–19–287299–9  \nDOI: 10. 1093/oso/9780192872999.001.0001  \nPrinted and bound in the UK by  \nTJ Books Limited  \nLinks to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work.  \nForeword  \nDavid B. Oppenheimer  \nWhen the Covid-19 pandemic began, one frequently heard the phrase, ‘we’re all in this together’. We weren’t. The rich got richer and the poor got poorer (and sicker) . Outside of medicine, the professional classes quickly adjusted to working from home (or a second home in the country), remaining relatively comfortable in a suddenly very unsafe world. But for the working class and the poor, and especially for working class and poor women and disadvantaged minority group members, at the intersection of low income/wealth and disadvantaged status the pandemic was and remains brutal.  \nProfessors Shreya Atrey and Sandra Fredman of Oxford, two of the leading theorists in the field of equality law (closely associated, respectively, with intersectionality and substantive equality), are to be commended for bringing us this diverse and discerning collection of authors, a mix of leading scholars and new voices from six continents. The essays in this excellent collection document how the pandemic exacerbated inequality exponentially around the globe, and how those who were already worse off to begin with sunk ever deeper into poverty and danger. For this alone the book is worth reading. But this is only the beginning.  \nThe authors each take up the question of how equality law addresses the inequalities created and/or accelerated by the pandemic. For all the differences in the substance, procedure, remedies, and theories of equality law across six continents, the answers merge; equality law had almost no application to the inequalities caused by the pandemic. It was rarely invoked. It was sometimes worse than useless, as it created the false impression that there were legal solutions extant when there were not. For this alone the book is worth reading. But this is still only the beginning.  \nThe authors then ask in two dozen voices, as if a chorus, why equality law ","cbCaii1PTlpyYMrI","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaii1PTlpyYMrI","pdf",4884571,5,1,396,"English","en",105,"# Foreword\n## Covid-19 and escalating inequality\n## How equality law failed in crises\n## Reform priorities and socio-economic rights","[{\"question\":\"What inequality effects does the foreword associate with the Covid-19 pandemic?\",\"answer\":\"The foreword states the pandemic exacerbated inequality exponentially, with the already better off becoming richer while poorer groups faced worsening poverty, risk, and ill health.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the foreword claim equality law often failed during the crisis?\",\"answer\":\"It argues equality law was rarely invoked and, when used, could be worse than useless by suggesting legal solutions exist when they do not. It also highlights backward-looking focus, limited rights across borders, and inadequate remedies and evidence standards.\"},{\"question\":\"What kinds of reforms are emphasized in the collection?\",\"answer\":\"The foreword calls for proposals to protect socio-economic rights, rethink discrimination procedures and remedies, and better embrace substantive equality, equity, feminist economics, intersectionality, and redistribution policies.\"}]","Exponential Inequalities - Equality Law in Times of Crisis | PDF",1786107567,998,{"code":4,"msg":32,"data":33},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":34,"title":13,"keywords":35,"description":14,"schema_data":36,"social_meta":88,"head_meta":90,"extra_data":92,"updated_unix":29},"exponential-inequalities-equality-law-in-times-of-crisis","",{"@graph":37,"@context":87},[38,55,70],{"@type":39,"itemListElement":40},"BreadcrumbList",[41,45,49,52],{"item":42,"name":43,"@type":44,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":46,"name":47,"@type":44,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":50,"name":12,"@type":44,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":53,"name":13,"@type":44,"position":54},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exponential-inequalities-equality-law-in-times-of-crisis/129763/",4,{"url":53,"name":13,"@type":56,"author":57,"headline":13,"publisher":59,"fileFormat":62,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":63,"datePublished":64,"encodingFormat":62,"isAccessibleForFree":65,"interactionStatistic":66},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":58},"Person",{"url":42,"name":60,"@type":61},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-25","2026-08-07",true,{"@type":67,"interactionType":68,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":69},"ViewAction",{"@type":71,"mainEntity":72},"FAQPage",[73,79,83],{"name":74,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":76},"What inequality effects does the foreword associate with the Covid-19 pandemic?","Question",{"text":77,"@type":78},"The foreword states the pandemic exacerbated inequality exponentially, with the already better off becoming richer while poorer groups faced worsening poverty, risk, and ill health.","Answer",{"name":80,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":81},"Why does the foreword claim equality law often failed during the crisis?",{"text":82,"@type":78},"It argues equality law was rarely invoked and, when used, could be worse than useless by suggesting legal solutions exist when they do not. 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