[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-328236-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-328236-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","exploring-the-role-of-clustered-mutations-in-carcinogenesis-and-their-potential-clinical-implications-in-cancer","Exploring the Role of Clustered Mutations in Carcinogenesis and Their Potential Clinical Implications in Cancer","","Abnormal cell proliferation and growth driving cancer primarily arise from cumulative genome mutations, and single-gene events alone cannot fully account for onset or progression. Clustered mutations—multiple mutations occurring simultaneously in localized genomic regions—can impact diverse genes and pathways, enabling malignant transformation with multiple functional abnormalities. They modulate growth rate, metastatic potential, and drug sensitivity, and may reflect genomic instability, DNA repair defects, and environmental exposures linked to immunotherapy responsiveness. This overview characterizes clustered mutation types and connects them to carcinogenesis mechanisms while outlining potential diagnostic and therapeutic value.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exploring-the-role-of-clustered-mutations-in-carcinogenesis-and-their-potential-clinical-implications-in-cancer/328236/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/exploring-the-role-of-clustered-mutations-in-carcinogenesis-and-their-potential-clinical-implications-in-cancer/328236.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Maeve","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",5,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What makes clustered mutations different from single gene mutations in cancer development?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Clustered mutations involve multiple mutations occurring simultaneously within a localized genomic region, affecting multiple genes and pathways at once. This can lead to broader functional abnormalities within a single cancer cell compared with isolated single-gene events.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How can clustered mutations influence cancer progression and clinical outcomes?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Clustered mutations can alter cancer growth rates, metastatic potential, and sensitivity to drug treatment. They may also be associated with clinical prognosis and biomarker potential.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What biological processes might underlie clustered mutations?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Clustered mutations may involve genomic instability, defects in DNA repair mechanisms, and influences from environmental exposures. These factors can contribute to how clustered mutations arise and propagate during carcinogenesis.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},328236,1790113299,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,100,105,109,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":55,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":106,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},5909877438554,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/5600025385ad2bf12a7?_k=1778553567797529272","Review  \nExploring the Role of Clustered Mutations in Carcinogenesis and Their Potential Clinical Implications in Cancer  \nYi Li 1, Rui Zhu 1, Jiaming Jin 2, Haochuan Guo 1, Jiaxi Zhang 1, Zhiheng He 2, Tingming Liang 1, * and Li Guo 2, *  \nCitation: Li, Y.; Zhu, R.; Jin, J.; Guo, H.; Zhang, J.; He, Z.; Liang, T.; Guo, L. Exploring the Role of Clustered Mutations in Carcinogenesis and Their Potential Clinical Implications in Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 6744 . [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)ijms25126744  \nAcademic Editor: Apostolos Zaravinos  \nReceived: 23 April 2024  \nRevised: 7 June 2024  \nAccepted: 17 June 2024  \nPublished: 19 June 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; [09210320@njnu.edu.cn](09210320@njnu.edu.cn) (Y.L.); [09210313@njnu.edu.cn](09210313@njnu.edu.cn) (R.Z.); [231212007@njnu.edu.cn](231212007@njnu.edu.cn) (H.G.); [231202046@njnu.edu.cn](231202046@njnu.edu.cn) (J.Z.)  \n2 State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China; [1222014424@njupt.edu.cn](1222014424@njupt.edu.cn) (J.J.); [1023173006@njupt.edu.cn](1023173006@njupt.edu.cn) (Z.H.)  \n* Correspondence: [tmliang@njnu.edu.cn](tmliang@njnu.edu.cn) (T.L.); [lguo@njupt.edu.cn](lguo@njupt.edu.cn) (L.G.)  \nAbstract: Abnormal cell proliferation and growth leading to cancer primarily result from cumulative genome mutations. Single gene mutations alone do not fully explain cancer onset and progression; instead, clustered mutations—simultaneous occurrences of multiple mutations—are considered tobe pivotal in cancer development and advancement. These mutations can affect different genes and pathways, resulting in cells undergoing malignant transformation with multiple functional abnormalities. Clustered mutations influence cancer growth rates, metastatic potential, and drug treatment sensitivity. This summary highlights the various types and characteristics of clustered mutations to understand their associations with carcinogenesis and discusses their potential clinical significance in cancer. As a unique mutation type, clustered mutations may involve genomic instability, DNA repair mechanism defects, and environmental exposures, potentially correlating with responsiveness to immunotherapy. Understanding the characteristics and underlying processes of clustered mutations enhances our comprehension of carcinogenesis and cancer progression, providing new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for cancer.  \nKeywords: clustered mutations; carcinogenesis; prognostic markers; cancer  \n1. Introduction  \nCancer, a complex disease characterized by malignant cell growth, arises from the accumulation of genetic mutations affecting the genes involved in cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, and tumor suppression. These mutations can disrupt normal cell growth and division controls, leading to uncontrolled proliferation and cancer formation. While the roles of individual gene mutations in carcinogenesis have been extensively studied, recent research underscores the significance of clustered mutations in cancer initiation and progression [1] . Clustered mutations, defined as the simultaneous occurrence of multiple mutations within a localized genome region, can impact multiple genes and biological pathways, resulting in various functional abnormalities within a single cancer cell [2,3] . These mutations profoundly influence cancer biology, w","cbCaidBt5N1YCjKw","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidBt5N1YCjKw","pdf",1434977,15,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# 1. Introduction\n# 2. Overview of Clustered Mutations\n## 2.1. Clustered Mutations: Accumulation of Single-Nucleotide Variations in a Given Region","[{\"question\":\"What makes clustered mutations different from single gene mutations in cancer development?\",\"answer\":\"Clustered mutations involve multiple mutations occurring simultaneously within a localized genomic region, affecting multiple genes and pathways at once. This can lead to broader functional abnormalities within a single cancer cell compared with isolated single-gene events.\"},{\"question\":\"How can clustered mutations influence cancer progression and clinical outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"Clustered mutations can alter cancer growth rates, metastatic potential, and sensitivity to drug treatment. They may also be associated with clinical prognosis and biomarker potential.\"},{\"question\":\"What biological processes might underlie clustered mutations?\",\"answer\":\"Clustered mutations may involve genomic instability, defects in DNA repair mechanisms, and influences from environmental exposures. These factors can contribute to how clustered mutations arise and propagate during carcinogenesis.\"}]","Exploring the Role of Clustered Mutations in Carcinogenesis and Their Potential Clinical Implications in Cancer | PDF",1789979012,38]