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In 8413 observed SPM cases, overall SIR was 2.12 versus the US population, with higher risk in younger patients, females, and American Indians/Alaska natives. Increased risk was linked to multimodality treatment and specific SPM sites.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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(2024) 281:4409–4417  \n[https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-024-08731-9](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-024-08731-9)  \nExploring the risk of second primary malignancies in laryngeal cancer survivors: insights from the SEER database  \nAbdelrahman Yousry Afify1 · Mohamed Hady Ashry1,2  \nReceived: 30 March 2024 / Accepted: 9 May 2024 / Published online: 22 May 2024 © The Author(s) 2024  \nAbstract  \nPurpose We intended to investigate the risk for second primary malignancy (SPM) development in Laryngeal Cancer (LC) survivors. We conducted a population-based analysis of SPM risk using the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.  \nMethods Data of selected LC survivors from the SEER database between 2000 and 2020 were examined. Standardized Incidence ratios (SIRs) for SPM development were calculated, followed by detailed stratification according to anatomical site and different latency periods.  \nResults A total of 8413 SPMs were observed in our extracted cohort. The collective standardized incidence of SPMs was 2.12 (95% CI 2.07–2.17) compared to the US population, with an absolute excess risk (AER) of 201.73 per 10,000 individuals. The highest SPM risks were observed in patients with young age at diagnosis, females, and American Indians/Alaska natives. Increased SPM risks were reported in patients receiving all modalities of treatment including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Most SPMs were detected in solid organs such as the lungs and bronchus, oral cavity and pharynx, and prostate. The highest increased risks of developing SPMs were observed in Trachea, larynx, oral cavity and pharynx, lung and bronchus, and esophagus.  \nConclusions The risk of SPMs in LC survivors was significantly increased compared to the general US population. Accordingly, a more impactful cancer surveillance strategy for LC patients should be implemented.  \nKeywords Laryngeal cancer · Larynx · Cancer · Second primary malignancy · SEER · Surveillance  \nAbbreviations  \nSPM Second primary malignancy LC Laryngeal cancer  \nSEER Surveillance, epidemiology, and end results  \nSIR Standardized incidence ratio AER Absolute excess risks  \nO/E Observed-to-expected ratio CI Confidence interval  \n* Abdelrahman Yousry Afify[aafify@ngu.edu.eg](aafify@ngu.edu.eg)  \n1 School of Medicine, New Giza University (NGU), Giza, Egypt  \n2 Medical Research Platform, Cairo, Egypt  \nBackground  \nLaryngeal cancer (LC) is one the most prevalent head and neck malignancies, accounting for more than 184,000 new cases yearly worldwide [1] . Additionally, approximately 100,000 LC deaths are recorded annually according to the World Health Organization [1] . In the United States alone, more than 12,000 new cases of LC have been recorded and approximately 4000 of these patients died [2] . Tobacco use is considered to be the main risk factor for LC development, and the relative risk remains elevated during the first 15 years of quitting smoking [3] . The survival time of patients with LC has been significantly prolonged in recent decades owing to early diagnosis and advancements in treatment. This results in a prolonged exposure period for second primary malignancy (SPM). The current 5-year disease-free survival rate for patients with non-metastatic LCis more than 61%[4] . In our previous work, we observed an increased risk of death attributed to secondary cancers in LC patients which further solidifies the need for investigating  \nthe incidence of SPMs in this vulnerable patient population [5] .  \nTo date, studies on the risk of SPM development in LCare scarce and outdated. Our study aims to explore the risk of developing SPMs in LC survivors in recent years. We utilized the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to calculate the standardized incidence ratios of SPMs in patients with LC compared to the general US population.  \nMethods  \nStudy design  \nWe ","cbCaiczOx7w8coYH","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiczOx7w8coYH","pdf",441751,"English","# Abstract\n## Purpose\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusions\n# Background\n# Methods\n## Study design\n## Data source and study population\n## Study outcomes\n## Statistical analysis","[{\"question\":\"What was the study’s main goal for laryngeal cancer survivors?\",\"answer\":\"To quantify the risk of developing second primary malignancies (SPMs) after a diagnosis of laryngeal cancer using SEER data.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the study measure second primary malignancy risk?\",\"answer\":\"By calculating standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for SPM development in LC survivors, with stratification by anatomical site and latency period.\"},{\"question\":\"Which patient groups showed the highest SPM risk in the results?\",\"answer\":\"Patients with younger age at diagnosis, females, and American Indians/Alaska natives had the highest observed SPM risks.\"}]","Exploring the risk of second primary malignancies in laryngeal cancer survivors: insights from the SEER database | PDF",1789991019,23]