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This requires developing tools that reveal the large set of renovation design options, while assessing candidate options with potentially expensive simulations. A systematic, goal-driven process is proposed to ensure design-space diversity and coverage, using twelve new concepts derived from scenario (dis)similarity. The approach is evaluated with a software implementation on a real residential renovation case in Denmark.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exploring-the-renovation-design-space-a-new-iterative-approach-based-on-scenario-distance-metrics-and-resampling-strategies/649873/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/exploring-the-renovation-design-space-a-new-iterative-approach-based-on-scenario-distance-metrics-and-resampling-strategies/649873.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"fresh2021","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-26","2026-10-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are renovation decision support tools urgently needed?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Renovation is required to reduce environmental impact from an aging building stock, but designers lack effective tools to understand the breadth of design options and cross-cutting trade-offs across KPIs.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What is the main idea of the proposed approach?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It defines twelve new concepts based on scenario (dis)similarity to help designers inspect relationships between scenarios and clusters, enabling an iterative, goal-driven design process.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How was the method evaluated?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The authors evaluate a software implementation of the design concept analyser using a real renovation case of a large residential building in Denmark.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},649873,1792981103,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962093912154,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","BUILD SIMUL (2025) 18: 1515–1542  \n[https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-025-1267-1](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-025-1267-1)  \nExploring the renovation design space: A new iterative approach based on scenario distance metrics and resampling strategies  \nCarl Schultz1 (􀀍), Aliakbar Kamari2  \n1. DIGIT and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aarhus University, Inge Lehmanns Gade 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  \n2. DIGIT and Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Aarhus University, Inge Lehmanns Gade 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  \nResearch Article  \nAbstract  \nSupporting designers in making effective renovation decisions is urgently needed to address the ever-growing climate crisis. This requires developing tools that bring insight into the enormous set of design options at hand, where the efficacy of candidate renovation design options is evaluated using (potentially computationally expensive) simulations. Thus, a systematic, goal-driven design process is required that ensures “design space” diversity and coverage, while making careful and effective use of highly informative but time consuming performance simulations. To this end, we define twelve new concepts based on scenario (dis)similarity that give designers insight about pairs of scenarios, clusters of scenarios, and pairs of clusters, and apply these concepts in an iterative, goal-driven design process. We evaluate a software implementation of our design concept analyser using a real renovation case of a large residential building in Denmark.  \nKeywords  \nsustainable building renovation iterative design  \ndesign space exploration  \ndecision support systems (DSS) renovation domain model (NovaDM)  \nArticle History  \nReceived: 24 December 2024  \nRevised: 12 February 2025  \nAccepted: 09 March 2025  \n© The Author(s) 2025  \n1 Introduction  \nOwing to the growing environmental crisis and an aging building stock world-wide (European Commission 2020b), there is now an urgent need for effective building renovation decision support tools. Such tools are needed to assist designers in renovating buildings to meet diverse criteria across the three major pillars of environment, economy, and society (Thuvander et al. 2012) .  \nFor instance, the European building stock is both unique and heterogeneous, being an expression of cultural diversity and history, and likewise, old and changing very slowly (European Commission 2020a) . 85% of the EU building stock (associated with more than 220 million building units) was built before 2001, and 85%–95% of these buildings will still be in operation by 2050 (European Commission 2020a) . Most of these existing buildings are not energy efficient (Filippidou and Navarro 2019), with many relying on fossil fuels for heating and cooling and use outdated technologies. Overall, buildings account for about 40% of total energy consumption in the EU and  \nE-mail: [cschultz@ece.au.dk](cschultz@ece.au.dk)  \n36% of energy-related greenhouse gas emissions (Hertwichet al. 2020) .1  \nRenovation is essential to drastically reduce the environmental impact of this aging building stock, and to realise far-reaching social, environmental, and economic benefits (Kamari et al. 2017); deep renovation of buildings can decrease pressure for greenfield construction, thus helping to preserve nature, biodiversity, and fertile agricultural land. With the same intervention, buildings can be made healthier, greener, interconnected within a neighbourhood district, more accessible, more resilient to extreme natural events, and equipped with recharging points for e-mobility and bike parking (European Commission 2020a) .  \nDespite this urgent need for large scale renovation, only 11% of the existing building stock in the EU is renovated  \n1 The EU Commission has proposed in the Climate Action Plan 2030 (European Commission 2020c) to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions in the EU by at least 55% by 2030 (compared to 1990 levels) . Energy efficiency is a key componen","cbCaicdKJh0ExHBz","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicdKJh0ExHBz","pdf",5023396,28,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Renovation as a design task\n# Advances in Modeling and Simulation Tools","[{\"question\":\"Why are renovation decision support tools urgently needed?\",\"answer\":\"Renovation is required to reduce environmental impact from an aging building stock, but designers lack effective tools to understand the breadth of design options and cross-cutting trade-offs across KPIs.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the main idea of the proposed approach?\",\"answer\":\"It defines twelve new concepts based on scenario (dis)similarity to help designers inspect relationships between scenarios and clusters, enabling an iterative, goal-driven design process.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the method evaluated?\",\"answer\":\"The authors evaluate a software implementation of the design concept analyser using a real renovation case of a large residential building in Denmark.\"}]","Exploring the renovation design space - A new iterative approach based on scenario distance metrics and resampling strategies | PDF",1792809848,71]