[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-467446-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-467446-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","exploring-the-neuroprotective-properties-of-capsanthin-antioxidant-defense-and-inflammatory-responses","Exploring the Neuroprotective Properties of Capsanthin - Antioxidant Defense and Inflammatory Responses","","Capsanthin is a xanthophyll carotenoid with strong antioxidant potential. The study tests whether capsanthin protects RA-differentiated SH-SY5Y neuron-like cells from glutamate-induced excitotoxic stress by evaluating cell viability, ROS production, antioxidant defense markers, mitochondrial ATP status, inflammatory cytokine release, and apoptosis-related endpoints. Glutamate elevates oxidative stress, shifts cytokines toward a pro-inflammatory pattern, lowers ATP, and promotes pro-apoptotic gene expression, while capsanthin attenuates ROS, stabilizes antioxidant enzymes, reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines, supports anti-inflammatory signaling, and preserves ATP to mitigate neuronal damage.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exploring-the-neuroprotective-properties-of-capsanthin-antioxidant-defense-and-inflammatory-responses/467446/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/exploring-the-neuroprotective-properties-of-capsanthin-antioxidant-defense-and-inflammatory-responses/467446.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"kopisore","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",15,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is the main objective of the capsanthin study?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"To determine whether capsanthin protects RA-differentiated SH-SY5Y neuron-like cells against glutamate-induced stress by addressing oxidative, inflammatory, mitochondrial, and apoptotic pathways.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How is glutamate-induced neuronal dysfunction modeled?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Neuronal dysfunction is induced by glutamate exposure, which triggers oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokine shifts, reduced mitochondrial ATP, and pro-apoptotic signaling.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Which outcomes show capsanthin’s protective effect?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Capsanthin reduces glutamate-driven ROS production, stabilizes antioxidant defense activities and total antioxidant capacity, lowers pro-inflammatory cytokines while supporting anti-inflammatory signaling, and preserves ATP levels, helping limit apoptotic progression.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},467446,1790813035,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},962090880963,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Article  \nExploring the Neuroprotective Properties of Capsanthin: Antioxidant Defense and Inflammatory Responses  \nRamóna Pap 1, *, Edina Pandur 1, Gergely Jánosa 1, Adrienn Horváth 1, Kitti Tamási 1, Katalin Sipos 1, Attila Agócs 2 and József Deli 2,3  \nAcademic Editors:  \nBegoña Olmedilla-Alonso and Elena Rodríguez Rodríguez  \nReceived: 14 November 2025  \nRevised: 15 December 2025  \nAccepted: 16 December 2025  \nPublished: 19 December 2025  \nCopyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.  \n1 Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus u. 2, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; [pandur.edina@gytk.pte.hu](pandur.edina@gytk.pte.hu) (E.P.); [janosa.gergely@gytk.pte.hu](janosa.gergely@gytk.pte.hu) (G.J.); [horvath.adrienn2@pte.hu](horvath.adrienn2@pte.hu) (A.H.); [tamasi.kitti@gytk.pte.hu](tamasi.kitti@gytk.pte.hu) (K.T.); [sipos.katalin@gytk.pte.hu](sipos.katalin@gytk.pte.hu) (K.S.)  \n2 Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; [attila.agocs@aok.pte.hu](attila.agocs@aok.pte.hu) (A.A.); [deli.jozsef@gytk.pte.hu](deli.jozsef@gytk.pte.hu) (J.D.)  \n3 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus u. 2, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary  \n* [Correspondence: pap.ramona@pte.hu](Correspondence: pap.ramona@pte.hu)  \nAbstract  \nBackground/Objectives: Capsanthin is a xanthophyll carotenoid from Capsicum species with an extended conjugated polyene chain that underlies both its orange–red color and strong antioxidant potential. In this study, we investigated whether capsanthin protects RA-differentiated SH-SY5Y neuron-like cells against glutamate-induced stress. Methods: Neuronal dysfunction was induced by glutamate exposure, and capsanthin treatment was evaluated using cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, antioxidant defense markers, inflammatory cytokines, mitochondrial energy status, and apoptosis-related endpoints. Antioxidant responses were assessed using superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities, and total antioxidant capacity. Cytokine release (TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, IL-4, IL-10) was quantified by ELISA. Mitochondrial function was monitored using ATP content. Apoptosis-associated genes (BAX, BCL-2, CASP3, and CASP9) were analyzed using SYBR Green-based RT-qPCR, complemented by caspase-9 ELISA and caspase-3 Western blotting. Results: Glutamate increased oxidative stress and shifted the cytokine profile toward a pro-inflammatory state, accompanied by reduced ATP levels and a pro-apoptotic transcriptional pattern. Capsanthin significantly attenuated glutamate-induced ROS production, stabilized antioxidant enzyme activities and total antioxidant capacity, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines while supporting anti-inflammatory signaling, and preserved ATP levels. Conclusions: Overall, capsanthin mitigated excitotoxic stress by maintaining redox balance, limiting inflammatory responses, and protecting mitochondrial energy metabolism in neuron-like cells, supporting its potential as a neuroprotective candidate for glutamate-induced neuronal stress.  \nKeywords: capsanthin; glutamate; oxidative stress; inflammation; antioxidants; neuron  \n1. Introduction  \nCarotenoids are natural lipid-soluble isoprenoid pigments found in plants, algae, fungi, and some bacteria, and they possess well-documented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties [1] . Beyond reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, they are able to modulate membrane properties andredox-sensitive signaling pathways that influence inflammation and cell survival [2,3] . These features are relevant to neurodegenerative conditions,  \nwhere oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory signaling often converge with excitotoxic mechanisms driven by glutamate [4] .  \nGlutamate is the ma","cbCaioR8uz05ePmF","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioR8uz05ePmF","pdf",1018189,22,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What is the main objective of the capsanthin study?\",\"answer\":\"To determine whether capsanthin protects RA-differentiated SH-SY5Y neuron-like cells against glutamate-induced stress by addressing oxidative, inflammatory, mitochondrial, and apoptotic pathways.\"},{\"question\":\"How is glutamate-induced neuronal dysfunction modeled?\",\"answer\":\"Neuronal dysfunction is induced by glutamate exposure, which triggers oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokine shifts, reduced mitochondrial ATP, and pro-apoptotic signaling.\"},{\"question\":\"Which outcomes show capsanthin’s protective effect?\",\"answer\":\"Capsanthin reduces glutamate-driven ROS production, stabilizes antioxidant defense activities and total antioxidant capacity, lowers pro-inflammatory cytokines while supporting anti-inflammatory signaling, and preserves ATP levels, helping limit apoptotic progression.\"}]","Exploring the Neuroprotective Properties of Capsanthin - Antioxidant Defense and Inflammatory Responses | PDF",1790772877,55]