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Design/Approach/Methods—Conceptual paper using a broad range of available data and reviewed literature to marshal arguments about how to understand the mysteries and the conditions behind success. Findings—Four mysteries are analyzed, and the paper argues for a fuller, more contextualized perspective. It also concludes that values, reform, leadership, and teaching approaches alone cannot explain success pathways.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exploring-the-mysteries-of-school-success-in-shanghai/600979/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/exploring-the-mysteries-of-school-success-in-shanghai/600979.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"mieayamfan","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the paper’s main purpose?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The paper aims to discuss mysteries behind China’s widely noted school education success and explore key underlying conditions that may support that success.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the paper approach its analysis?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It uses a conceptual framework, consulting and analyzing a wide range of data and literature to organize arguments about the mysteries and the conditions behind success.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What are the paper’s main findings about the drivers of success?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It discusses four education-related mysteries and argues that a more contextualized perspective is needed. It further suggests that none of the four general conditions—values, reform, leadership, or teaching approaches—alone can explain the pathways to success.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},600979,1792463476,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090893677,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","ECNU Review of Education  \nISSN: 2096-5311  \nCN: 31-2150/G4  \n[http://www.roe.ecnu.edu.cn](http://www.roe.ecnu.edu.cn)  \nExploring the Mysteries of School Success in Shanghai  \nDOI 10.30926/ecnuroe2018010107  \nAllan Walker and Haiyan Qian  \nThe Education University ofHong Kong  \n© East China Normal University & East China Normal University Press  \nExploring the Mysteries of School Success in Shanghai1 Allan Walker and Haiyan Qian  \nThe Education University of Hong Kong  \n© East China Normal University & East China Normal University Press, Shanghai, China  \nAbstract  \nPurpose—The purpose of the paper is to discuss some of the mysteries around the much-touted recent success of school education in China and to explore some of the key conditions that may underpin the success.  \nDesign/Approach/Methods—It is a conceptual paper. A wide range of available data and literature has been consulted and analyzed to carefully marshal arguments about how to understand the mysteries and the conditions underpinning the success.  \nFindings—The paper discusses four mysteries around education success in China. It argues for the development of a fuller and more contextualized perspective to view the success. The paper further suggests that neither of the four general conditions for success—values, reform, leadership or teaching approaches—taken alone, can explain pathways to success. Originality/Value—The paper provides an original explanatory description of the mysteries of education success and underlying conditions. This paper helps fill a gap in Western understanding of the “why” and “how”of school success in China.  \nKeywords  \nShanghai education; culture and values; education policy; leadership; learning  \nOver the last decade, the state and success of education in China has been widely discussed, debated and analyzed (e.g., Tan, 2013; Tucker, 2011) . This has been prompted by China’s increasingly visible international economic and political presence. Specifically on the education front, interest has been driven largely by Shanghai’s quite remarkable performance on PISA. Due to its PISA performance, Shanghai has been cited as a successful society in various education reports (e.g., Jensen, Sonnemann, Boberts-Hull, & Hunter, 2016; Liang, Kidwai, & Zhang, 2016; Tucker, 2011) . Everyone seems to have an opinion on how this has happened and what it means. Noise around the issue comes almost equally from international agencies, academics, national governments and the media. Even a quick scan of the many opinions shows polarization—anywhere between “what they’re doing is incredible, we must copy it”, and “it’s a sham, we should have nothing to do with it”.  \nOn one side are copyists’ arguments. These appear built around a glowing enamoration with Chinese educational achievements, and calls from countries falling further down “the list”, to look closely at the secrets of success and then implant  \nthese within their own systems. The popular press has turned PISA data into emotively driven calls for change. An example from the Australian press captures the essence of these calls.  \nThe average 15-year-old student from Shanghai is nearly two years ahead in science, and a year and a half ahead in Maths, than a typical Australian teen. Four out of 10 Australian students flunked the national baseline level for mathematical literacy—compared to just over one in 10 in Shanghai. The Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) called on governments to “act now to stop the slide”. (Bita, 2013)  \nOn the other side, cynics argue just as strongly against any form of mimicking Chinese educational practices. Writing in The Guardian after debunking the suggestion that the West copy what happens in Chinese education, Ringmar (2013) concluded:  \nShould America follow China? Absolutely not, so stop the rumors. American education isn’t perfect, but while following Shanghai might mean higher PISA scores, it would be disastrous for the nation’s children and its f","cbCaieudKB4b8Y8a","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieudKB4b8Y8a","pdf",569615,17,"English","# Abstract\n# Purpose\n# Design/Approach/Methods\n# Findings\n# Originality/Value\n# Keywords\n## Background and debate on Shanghai’s success\n## Copyists vs. cynics perspectives","[{\"question\":\"What is the paper’s main purpose?\",\"answer\":\"The paper aims to discuss mysteries behind China’s widely noted school education success and explore key underlying conditions that may support that success.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the paper approach its analysis?\",\"answer\":\"It uses a conceptual framework, consulting and analyzing a wide range of data and literature to organize arguments about the mysteries and the conditions behind success.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the paper’s main findings about the drivers of success?\",\"answer\":\"It discusses four education-related mysteries and argues that a more contextualized perspective is needed. It further suggests that none of the four general conditions—values, reform, leadership, or teaching approaches—alone can explain the pathways to success.\"}]","Exploring the Mysteries of School Success in Shanghai | PDF",1792091737,43]