[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-586705-105":59,"doc-detail-586705-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","exploring-the-importance-of-low-wage-high-social-value-careers-paper-section","EXPLORING THE IMPORTANCE OF LOW WAGE, HIGH SOCIAL VALUE CAREERS - Paper section","","Explores low-wage, high-social-value occupations in the context of defining and measuring postsecondary value. The research applies an equity lens to how institutions create returns for students and society, linking philosophical, measurement, and policy assumptions. It highlights how earnings vary even among adults with similar education, and examines relationships among college major, gender, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and occupation choice. The paper explains why non-monetary compensation can outweigh wages and ends with recommendations for measuring and incorporating value into the Postsecondary Value Framework.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exploring-the-importance-of-low-wage-high-social-value-careers-paper-section/586705/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/exploring-the-importance-of-low-wage-high-social-value-careers-paper-section/586705.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Angel","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the paper mean by “social value” of occupations?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It argues that occupational rewards go beyond money wages, requiring consideration of disadvantages and advantages other than earnings.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why do some workers with the same education earn substantially less?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The paper notes that earnings differences exist for many factors, but identifies occupations where postsecondary education is required and workers systematically earn less than others with similar education and characteristics.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How should these careers be evaluated when measuring postsecondary value?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The paper recommends examining total compensation, including non-monetary benefits, and incorporating the value of low-wage, high social value careers into the Postsecondary Value Framework.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},586705,1792191209,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},687207412472,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","EXPLORING THE IMPORTANCE OF LOW WAGE , HIGH SOCIAL VALUE CAREERS  \nSandy Baum Urban Institute  \nLorelle Espinosa  \nAlfred P. Sloan Foundation  \nTABLE OF CONTENTS  \nIntroduction  ................................................................ 2  \nWomen and African Americans are Overrepresented in Many Low-Wage, High Social Value Professions Requiring a Bachelor’s Degree  ........................ 4  \nEarnings Levels Differ Across College Majors, but Majors Do Not Necessarily Determine Occupations  ............................. 5  \nWomen and Many Students of Color are More Likely to Choose Majors Associated with Low-Earning Occupations  ........................ 6  \nWages Don’t Tell the Whole Story of How Workers are Compensated  .................. 9  \nNon-Monetary Benefits of Low-Wage, High Social Value Jobs Can Outweigh Earnings Considerations  ............................................. 10  \nConclusion and Recommendations to the Commission  ............................. 11  \nReferences  ................................................................ 13  \nThis paper is one in a foundational research series for the Postsecondary Value Commission authored in summer 2019 by scholars with diverse backgrounds and expertise. The research presented in these papers applies an equity lens to the philosophical, measurement, and policy considerations and assumptions underlying key components of postsecondary value to students and society, including investment, economic and non-economic returns, mobility, and racial and socioeconomic justice.  \nThe Postsecondary Value Commission consulted this foundational research as it developed a conceptual definition of postsecondary value, a framework for measuring how institutions and programs create value and ensure equitable outcomes, and an action agenda with recommendations for applying the definition and framework to change policies and practices. Through this breadth of scholarship, the commission was better able to define the value of postsecondary education and the role institutions can play in creating a more equitable and fair United States.  \nFollowing the May 2021 release of the commission’s findings, these foundational papers were prepared for publication. The views and opinions expressed in these papers do not necessarily reflect the positions of individual members of the Postsecondary Value Commission or the organizations they represent.  \nThe Postsecondary Value Commission along with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Institute for Higher Education Policy are deeply grateful to the authors of this series. The authors’ extensive expertise and thoughtful engagement in this work provided the foundation for the commission to develop an informed, innovative, and equity-driven framework. They also thank Deborah Seymour for editing the written products and the team at GMMB for their creative design and layout.  \nSuggested citation: Baum, S. , & Espinosa, L. (2021) . Exploring the Importance of Low Wage, High Social Value Careers.  \nPostsecondary Value Commission.  \nINTRODUCTION  \nEvery occupation involves other disadvantages besides the fatigue of the work required in it, and every occupation offers other advantages besides the receipt of money wages. The true reward which an occupation offers to labour has to be calculated by deducting the money value of all its disadvantages from that of all its advantages.  \n— Alfred Marshall, Principles of Economics, p.155  \nMany college graduates who earn less than their peers are employed in occupations that bring significant benefits to society, as well as high levels of personal satisfaction. Examples include almost all forms of teaching, such as early childhood education; counseling; and social work.  \nIt is not easy—nor is there agreement on how—to precisely define the social value of these occupations or to measure the magnitude and distribution of their benefits—but understanding this issue is critical to considering the payoff to higher ","cbCaikIpPfP0AVKS","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikIpPfP0AVKS","pdf",756072,15,"English","# Introduction\n## Women and African Americans are Overrepresented in Many Low-Wage, High Social Value Professions Requiring a Bachelor’s Degree\n## Earnings Levels Differ Across College Majors, but Majors Do Not Necessarily Determine Occupations\n## Women and Many Students of Color are More Likely to Choose Majors Associated with Low-Earning Occupations\n## Wages Don’t Tell the Whole Story of How Workers are Compensated\n## Non-Monetary Benefits of Low-Wage, High Social Value Jobs Can Outweigh Earnings Considerations\n## Conclusion and Recommendations to the Commission\n## References","[{\"question\":\"What does the paper mean by “social value” of occupations?\",\"answer\":\"It argues that occupational rewards go beyond money wages, requiring consideration of disadvantages and advantages other than earnings.\"},{\"question\":\"Why do some workers with the same education earn substantially less?\",\"answer\":\"The paper notes that earnings differences exist for many factors, but identifies occupations where postsecondary education is required and workers systematically earn less than others with similar education and characteristics.\"},{\"question\":\"How should these careers be evaluated when measuring postsecondary value?\",\"answer\":\"The paper recommends examining total compensation, including non-monetary benefits, and incorporating the value of low-wage, high social value careers into the Postsecondary Value Framework.\"}]","EXPLORING THE IMPORTANCE OF LOW WAGE, HIGH SOCIAL VALUE CAREERS - Paper section | PDF",1792059029,38]