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Using a cohort of 1781 patients, the research evaluates obesity’s effects on tumor characteristics, including gene expression, pathway dysfunction, genetic alterations, and immune 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is the main purpose of the study on body mass index and cancer?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The study investigates how obesity impacts tumor biology and cancer development, including tumor gene expression, pathway dysfunction, genetic alterations, and immune infiltration.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How were patient samples and data annotations obtained?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Patient samples covered 10 cancer types and were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas, with annotations for body mass index, age, sex, tumor size, and tumor gene expression data.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What were the key findings when comparing obese and non-obese patients?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Obese patients more often presented with smaller, less invasive tumors and showed distinct gene expression patterns, especially in metabolic and proliferative pathways, along with higher immune cell infiltration and increased T cell 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\n[https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-024-05890-4](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-024-05890-4)  \nExploring the impact of body mass index on tumor biology and cancer development  \nJohanne Ahrenfeldt1,2 · Stine Carstensen2 · Ida Maria Hemdorff Eriksen2 · Nicolai Juul Birkbak1,2,3  \nReceived: 22 May 2024 / Accepted: 12 July 2024 / Published online: 27 July 2024 © The Author(s) 2024  \nAbstract  \nPurpose Cancer continues to be a major global health challenge, affecting millions of individuals and placing substantial burdens on healthcare systems worldwide. Recent research suggests a complex relationship between obesity and cancer, with obesity increasing the risk of various cancers while potentially improving outcomes for diagnosed patients, a phenomenon termed the \"obesity paradox\". In this study, we used a cohort of 1781 patients to investigate the impact of obesity on tumor characteristics, including gene expression, pathway dysfunction, genetic alterations and immune infiltration.  \nMethods Patient samples spanned 10 different cancer types, and were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas, with annotations for body mass index (BMI), age, sex, tumor size and tumor gene expression data.  \nResults When we compared the proportion of large (T3–T4) to small tumors (T1–T2) between obese and non-obese patients, we found that obese patients tended to present with smaller, less invasive tumors and exhibited distinct gene expression profiles, particularly in metabolic and proliferative pathways. Moreover, smaller tumors in obese patients show higher immune cell infiltration and increased T cell diversity, suggesting enhanced immune activity.  \nConclusion Taken together, these findings highlight the influence of obesity on tumor biology, with implications for personalized treatment strategies that consider patient physiology alongside tumor characteristics.  \nKeywords Cancer and obesity · Transcriptomics · Tumor aggresiveness · Pathway analysis · Tumor biology  \nIntroduction  \nCancer, characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation, remains a significant global health concern, posing substantial challenges to both healthcare systems and individuals. Understanding the multifaceted factors influencing cancer development is crucial for devising effective prevention and intervention strategies. One emerging area of research centers around the association between obesity and cancer. Obesity, resulting from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. In 2016, 650 million people in the world  \n* Nicolai Juul Birkbak [nbirkbak@clin.au.dk](nbirkbak@clin.au.dk)  \n1 Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark  \n2 Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark  \n3 Bioinformatics Research Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark  \nwere characterized as obese according to the World Health Organization (WHO) . Beyond its established role in metabolic disorders, evidence has been mounting on the potential link between obesity and cancer incidence (Renehan et al. 2008 ; Ma et al. 2013 ; Genkinger et al. 2011 ; Wallin and Larsson 2011 ; Sanfilippo et al. 2014 ; Wang and Xu 2014) . Numerous epidemiological and metastudies have suggested that obesity is associated with an increased risk of several cancer types, including breast, colorectal, and renal cancers (Renehan et al. 2008 ; Wang and Xu 2014; Islami et al. 2019 ; Thrift et al. 2014) While the exact mechanisms underlying this association are still under investigation, chronic inflammation, altered hormonal profiles, and insulin resistance are among the proposed pathways through which obesity may contribute to tumorigenesis (Roberts et al. 2010 ; Gallagher and LeRoith 2015; Liu et al. 2021) .  \nDespite the established link between obesity and increased cancer risk, an intriguing phenomenon known as the “obesity paradox\" has been ","cbCaimPhLN1OQ2px","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimPhLN1OQ2px","pdf",2864524,"English","# Abstract\n# Methods\n# Results\n# Conclusion\n# Introduction\n## Background: obesity and cancer risk\n## The “obesity paradox”\n## Immune evasion and cancer aggressiveness","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of the study on body mass index and cancer?\",\"answer\":\"The study investigates how obesity impacts tumor biology and cancer development, including tumor gene expression, pathway dysfunction, genetic alterations, and immune infiltration.\"},{\"question\":\"How were patient samples and data annotations obtained?\",\"answer\":\"Patient samples covered 10 cancer types and were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas, with annotations for body mass index, age, sex, tumor size, and tumor gene expression data.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the key findings when comparing obese and non-obese patients?\",\"answer\":\"Obese patients more often presented with smaller, less invasive tumors and showed distinct gene expression patterns, especially in metabolic and proliferative pathways, along with higher immune cell infiltration and increased T cell diversity.\"}]","Exploring the impact of body mass index on tumor biology and cancer development | PDF",1790032313,25]