[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-330884-105":59,"doc-detail-330884-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","exploring-the-complexity-and-promise-of-tumor-immunotherapy-in-drug-development","Exploring the Complexity and Promise of Tumor Immunotherapy in Drug Development","","Cancer poses a major threat to human health, and conventional chemotherapy or cytotoxic therapy is no longer the only or preferred option for malignant tumors. This review synthesizes knowledge on tumor-cell immunogenicity and highlights tumor immunotherapy as an increasingly important approach, particularly for elderly patients. It reviews immunotherapy classification and benefits, summarizes recent drug and clinical advances across mechanistic modalities, and examines how immunosenescence affects efficacy while proposing strategies to restore senescent T-cell function.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exploring-the-complexity-and-promise-of-tumor-immunotherapy-in-drug-development/330884/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/exploring-the-complexity-and-promise-of-tumor-immunotherapy-in-drug-development/330884.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Maeve","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is tumor immunotherapy considered a prominent option in cancer treatment?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It leverages advances in tumor-cell immunogenicity research and provides a therapeutic approach that is increasingly recognized for efficacy, including for elderly cancer patients.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What does the review cover regarding immunotherapy?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It reviews conceptual classifications and benefits of immunotherapy, discusses recent developments in new drugs and clinical progress across multiple immunotherapeutic modalities, and considers differing mechanisms.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does immunosenescence relate to the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The review explains immunosenescence as an important factor in tumor development and treatment, discusses its processes and markers, and proposes strategies aimed at rejuvenating senescent T cells to improve outcomes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},330884,1791006959,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},5909877438554,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/5600025385ad2bf12a7?_k=1778553567797529272","Review  \nExploring the Complexity and Promise of Tumor Immunotherapy in Drug Development  \nYiyuan Feng†, Caiying He†, Chang Liu, Bingjie Shao, Dong Wang * and Peijie Wu *  \nCitation: Feng, Y.; He, C.; Liu, C.; Shao, B.; Wang, D.; Wu, P. Exploring the Complexity and Promise of Tumor Immunotherapy in Drug Development. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 6444. [https://](https://)[ ](https://)[doi.org/10.3390/ ijms25126444](doi.org/10.3390/ ijms25126444)  \nAcademic Editors: Nadezhda  \nS. Dyrkheeva and Alexandra  \nL. Zakharenko  \nReceived: 23 April 2024  \nRevised: 6 June 2024  \nAccepted: 7 June 2024  \nPublished: 11 June 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \nSchool of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; [yoravina@163.com](yoravina@163.com) (Y.F.);  \n[h957279949@163.com](h957279949@163.com) (C.H.); [18207217072@163.com](18207217072@163.com) (C.L.); [shaobingjie2023@163.com](shaobingjie2023@163.com) (B.S.)  \n* [Correspondence: wangdong@cdutcm.edu.cn](Correspondence: wangdong@cdutcm.edu.cn) (D.W.); [wupeijie@cdutcm.edu.cn](wupeijie@cdutcm.edu.cn) (P.W.)† These authors contributed equally to this study.  \nAbstract: Cancer represents a significant threat to human health, and traditional chemotherapy or cytotoxic therapy is no longer the sole or preferred approach for managing malignant tumors. With advanced research into the immunogenicity of tumor cells and the growing elderly population, tumor immunotherapy has emerged as a prominent therapeutic option. Its significance in treating elderly cancer patients is increasingly recognized. In this study, we review the conceptual classifications and benefits of immunotherapy, and discuss recent developments in new drugs and clinical progress in cancer treatment through various immunotherapeutic modalities with different mechanisms. Additionally, we explore the impact of immunosenescence on the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy and propose innovative and effective strategies to rejuvenate senescent T cells.  \nKeywords: tumor therapy; immunotherapy; tumor microenvironment (TME); immunosenescence  \n1. Introduction  \nCancer remains a major public health challenge globally, with tens of millions diagnosed annually [1] . In many countries, it ranks as the second leading cause of death following cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the incidence and mortality of cancer are expected to rise due to population aging and lifestyle changes [2] . Current cancer treatments encompass immunotherapy, biotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy, surgery, and diverse drug combinations, including concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy or sequential neoadjuvant chemotherapy [3] .  \nResearch indicates that for certain cancers, such as colorectal cancer(CRC), primary treatments like chemotherapy and surgery cannot completely eradicate tumors [3] . Postsurgery, patients face a continual risk of cancer recurrence, impacting their quality of life [4] . The adverse effects of chemotherapy, including potential liver damage such assteatohepatitis, steatosis, and sinusitis, can lead to severe outcomes like liver failure [5,6] . Moreover, chemotherapy may harm healthy cells. Over the past fifty years, cancer treatment strategies have evolved from using highly toxic agents like nitrogen mustard to more tolerable targeted therapies [7] . Nevertheless, challenges such as chemotherapy resistance and recurrence persist, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies [8] . One of the prominent therapeutic approaches today is tumor immunotherapy, which has shown promising ","cbCaiepfg2BSdYBY","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiepfg2BSdYBY","pdf",1878783,28,"English","# Introduction\n# Immunotherapy: Booming in Tumor Treatment","[{\"question\":\"Why is tumor immunotherapy considered a prominent option in cancer treatment?\",\"answer\":\"It leverages advances in tumor-cell immunogenicity research and provides a therapeutic approach that is increasingly recognized for efficacy, including for elderly cancer patients.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the review cover regarding immunotherapy?\",\"answer\":\"It reviews conceptual classifications and benefits of immunotherapy, discusses recent developments in new drugs and clinical progress across multiple immunotherapeutic modalities, and considers differing mechanisms.\"},{\"question\":\"How does immunosenescence relate to the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy?\",\"answer\":\"The review explains immunosenescence as an important factor in tumor development and treatment, discusses its processes and markers, and proposes strategies aimed at rejuvenating senescent T cells to improve outcomes.\"}]","Exploring the Complexity and Promise of Tumor Immunotherapy in Drug Development | PDF",1789990623,71]