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This in vitro study evaluated synergistic anthelmintic effects of combined extracts from Khaya grandifoliola and Faidherbia albida as used by traditional practitioners. Three extract combinations were tested on Heligmosomoides polygyrus and Caenorhabditis elegans, alongside antioxidant and cytotoxicity assessments. Results showed combination 2 (50%/50%) as most promising, with the greatest activity in nematocidal assays and measurable antioxidant profiles, supporting traditional therapeutic use while recommending further in vivo work.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exploring-the-anthelmintic-antioxidant-and-cytotoxic-potential-of-khaya-grandifoliola-and-faidherbia-albida-extract-combinations-in-vitro-studies-on-heligmosomoides-polygyrus-and-caenorhabditis-elegans/439482/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/exploring-the-anthelmintic-antioxidant-and-cytotoxic-potential-of-khaya-grandifoliola-and-faidherbia-albida-extract-combinations-in-vitro-studies-on-heligmosomoides-polygyrus-and-caenorhabditis-elegans/439482.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"นรินทร์","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What was the study aim regarding Khaya grandifoliola and Faidherbia albida?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"To evaluate the synergistic anthelmintic activity of combined extracts of Khaya grandifoliola and Faidherbia albida used traditionally in Chad for soil-transmitted helminth infection.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"Which extract combination showed the strongest anthelmintic potential in vitro?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"Combination 2 (50% F. albida and 50% K. grandifoliola) was most promising, with the lowest reported IC50 values against Heligmosomoides polygyrus and Caenorhabditis elegans.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"How were antioxidant and cytotoxic effects assessed?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"Antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH, iron reducing power (FRAP), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and nitric oxide (NO). Cytotoxicity was tested on red blood cells, with phytochemical screening performed using qualitative and quantitative methods.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},439482,1790718384,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":138,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":139,"faqs":140,"seo_title":141,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":142,"read_time":143},2336475104957,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c4c6bd8a5076e1?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1787554080175789136","Wiley  \nJournal of Parasitology Research Volume 2026, Article ID 7208016, 10 pages [https://doi.org/10.1155/japr/7208016](https://doi.org/10.1155/japr/7208016)  \nResearch Article  \nExploring the Anthelmintic, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Potential of Khaya grandifoliola and Faidherbia albida Extract Combinations: In Vitro Studies on Heligmosomoides polygyrus and Caenorhabditis elegans  \nYamssi Cédric , 1,2 Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia ,2,3 Baigomen Christalin,4 Mounvera Abdel Azizi ,2,4 Tako Djimefo Alex Kevin ,2,5 Vincent Khan Payne ,2,4 and Haibo Hu 2,6  \n1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon  \n2Laboratory of Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Dschang, Cameroon  \n3Department of Microbiology, Haematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon  \n4Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon  \n5Department of Animal Organisms, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon  \n6Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China  \nCorrespondence should be addressed to Yamssi Cédric; [cyamssi@yahoo.com](cyamssi@yahoo.com),  \nNoumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia; [noums11@yahoo.fr](noums11@yahoo.fr), and Haibo Hu; [hhb2017@gmu.edu.cn](hhb2017@gmu.edu.cn)  \nReceived 6 September 2024; Revised 15 September 2025; Accepted 13 November 2025  \nAcademic Editor: Lizandra Guidi Magalhães  \nCopyright © 2026 Yamssi Cédric et al. Journal of Parasitology Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \nBackground: Soil-transmitted helminth infection is endemic in Chad and constitutes a public health problem, particularly among school-age children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the synergistic anthelmintic activity of the combined extracts ofKhaya grandifoliola and Faidherbia albida used in Chad by traditional practitioners for the treatment of soil-transmitted helminth infection.  \nMethods: The anthelmintic tests using combinations ofK. grandifoliola and F. albida followed standard protocol. Combination 1 corresponding to 75% F. albida and 25% K. grandifoliola, Combination 2 corresponding to 50% F. albida and 50% K. grandifoliola, and Combination 3 corresponding to 25% F. albida and 75% K. grandifoliola. The nematocidal activity was assessed on Heligmosomoides polygyrus and Caenorhabditis elegans using the WMicroTracker. L3 larvae of H. polygyrus were obtained after 7 days of coproculture, and L4 of C. elegans. One hundred microliter concentrations of extracts, albendazole, and distilled water were brought into contact with 100μL of H. polygyrus suspension in a 96-well microplate incubated for 20h at 28°C in the WMicroTracker. The same procedure was adopted for C. elegans, but 180μL of OP50 and 19μL of C. elegans suspension were mixed with 1μL of extracts and incubated at 20°C in the WMicroTracker. The antioxidant activity was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, iron reducing power (Frap), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and nitric oxide (NO) . Cytotoxicity was tested on red blood cells. The phytochemical screening was conducted using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Standard procedures were followed to ensure accuracy and reliability. The analysis was aimed at identifying and measuring the bioactive compounds present.  \nResults: Combination 2 (50% F. albida and 50% K. grandifoliola) was the most promising, with an IC50 of 0.26 and 0.003mg/mL, respectively, on H. polygyrus and C. elegans. This was followed by Combi","cbCaipVRHWEpnfO6","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipVRHWEpnfO6","pdf",958367,"English","# Background\n# Methods\n## Anthelmintic assays\n## Antioxidant and cytotoxicity assays\n# Results\n# Conclusion\n# Keywords","[{\"question\":\"What was the study aim regarding Khaya grandifoliola and Faidherbia albida?\",\"answer\":\"To evaluate the synergistic anthelmintic activity of combined extracts of Khaya grandifoliola and Faidherbia albida used traditionally in Chad for soil-transmitted helminth infection.\"},{\"question\":\"Which extract combination showed the strongest anthelmintic potential in vitro?\",\"answer\":\"Combination 2 (50% F. albida and 50% K. grandifoliola) was most promising, with the lowest reported IC50 values against Heligmosomoides polygyrus and Caenorhabditis elegans.\"},{\"question\":\"How were antioxidant and cytotoxic effects assessed?\",\"answer\":\"Antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH, iron reducing power (FRAP), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and nitric oxide (NO). Cytotoxicity was tested on red blood cells, with phytochemical screening performed using qualitative and quantitative methods.\"}]","Exploring the Anthelmintic, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Potential of Khaya grandifoliola and Faidherbia albida Extract Combinations - In Vitro Studies on Heligmosomoides polygyrus and Caenorhabditis elegans | PDF",1790688865,25]