[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-332020-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-332020-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","exploring-potential-biomarkers-in-oesophageal-cancer-a-comprehensive-analysis","Exploring Potential Biomarkers in Oesophageal Cancer: A Comprehensive Analysis","","Oesophageal cancer (OC) is a highly aggressive malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related death, driven largely by late diagnosis and poor survival. Establishing new biomarkers measurable by non-invasive, low-cost techniques is therefore essential. This review synthesizes original studies on candidate chemokines and their receptors, inflammatory mediators such as IL-6 and CRP, hematopoietic growth factors, claudins, matrix metalloproteinases with TIMPs, ADAM family proteins, and DNA/RNA-based biomarkers. Reported findings link CXCL12, CXCR4, CXCL8/CXCR2, M-CSF, MMP-2, MMP-9, ADAM17, ADAMTS-6, and CLDN7 with tumor stage and clinical parameters, and identify several prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers with ROC-based utility.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exploring-potential-biomarkers-in-oesophageal-cancer-a-comprehensive-analysis/332020/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/exploring-potential-biomarkers-in-oesophageal-cancer-a-comprehensive-analysis/332020.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Emma Wilson","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",6,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Why are new biomarkers important for oesophageal cancer?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Oesophageal cancer is highly aggressive and typically diagnosed late, leading to poor prognosis. New biomarkers that can be measured non-invasively and at low cost are critical for improving diagnosis.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Which chemokine-related markers are associated with tumor stage and clinical parameters?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The review reports significant correlations for CXCL12, CXCR4, CXCL8/CXCR2, and related factors, along with other markers such as M-CSF, MMP-2, MMP-9, ADAM17, ADAMTS-6, and CLDN7, with tumor stage and clinicopathological features.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Which biomarkers show prognostic value and diagnostic utility?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"CXCL12, CXCL8/CXCR2, IL-6, TIMP-2, ADAM9, and ADAMTS-6 are described as prognostic factors for overall survival. IL-6, CXCR4, CXCL8, and MMP-9 also indicate higher diagnostic utility based on ROC curve AUC compared with established tumor markers.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},332020,1791100025,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,105,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":111,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":127,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},3848291630094,"https://eur-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","Review  \nExploring Potential Biomarkers in Oesophageal Cancer: A Comprehensive Analysis  \nAdrianna Romanowicz 1, Marta Lukaszewicz-Zajac 1, * and Barbara Mroczko 1,2  \nCitation: Romanowicz, A.;  \nLukaszewicz-Zajac, M.; Mroczko, B. Exploring Potential Biomarkers in Oesophageal Cancer: A Comprehensive Analysis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 4253. [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)[10.3390/ijms25084253](10.3390/ijms25084253)  \nAcademic Editor: Silvia Cantara  \nReceived: 5 March 2024  \nRevised: 4 April 2024  \nAccepted: 9 April 2024  \nPublished: 11 April 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15a,  \n15-269 Bialystok, Poland; [ada.ro@o2.pl](ada.ro@o2.pl) (A.R.); [mroczko@umb.edu.pl](mroczko@umb.edu.pl) (B.M.)  \n2 Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15a, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland  \n* [Correspondence: marta.lukaszewicz-zajac@umb.edu.pl](Correspondence: marta.lukaszewicz-zajac@umb.edu.pl); Tel.: +48-85-831-8785  \nAbstract: Oesophageal cancer (OC) is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. OC is highly aggressive, primarily due to its late stage of diagnosis and poor prognosis for patients’survival. Therefore, the establishment of new biomarkers that will be measured with non-invasive techniques at low cost is a critical issue in improving the diagnosis of OC. In this review, we summarize several original studies concerning the potential significance of selected chemokinesand their receptors, including inflammatory proteins such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs), claudins (CLDNs), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), adamalysines (ADAMs), as well as DNA-and RNA-based biomarkers, in OC. The presented results indicate the significant correlation between the CXCL12, CXCR4, CXCL8/CXCR2, M-CSF, MMP-2, MMP-9 ADAM17, ADAMTS-6, and CLDN7 levels and tumor stage, as well as the clinicopathological parameters of OC, such as the presence of lymph node and/or distant metastases. CXCL12, CXCL8/CXCR2, IL-6, TIMP-2, ADAM9, and ADAMTS-6 were prognostic factors for the overall survival of OC patients. Furthermore, IL-6, CXCR4, CXCL8, and MMP-9 indicate higher diagnostic utility based on the area under the ROC curve (AUC) than well-established OC tumor markers, whereas CLDN18.2 can be used in novel targeted therapies for OC patients.  \nKeywords: biomarker; claudins; cytokines; oesophageal cancer; metalloproteinases  \n1. Introduction  \nOesophageal cancer (OC) ranks as the ninth most prevalent cancer worldwide [1] . This malignancy is characterized by its aggressive nature, often evading detection until its advanced stages. OC leads to the death of over 50,000 people annually [2] . Therefore, it is also the sixth leading cause of cancer globally. Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) are the primary histological subtypes of this neoplasm. The incidence of OSCC (80%) predominates over OAC [3] . However, over the past decade, a rapid increase in the incidence of OAC has been observed, particularly in the western countries, thus, the number of new cases of OAC has increased up to 700%[4] .  \nOesophageal cancer risk factors are multifaceted, encompassing a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle elements. In general, these factors can be divided into categories such as modifiable and non-modifiable. In the first group, we can include tobacco, alcohol, and opium use, obesity, and gastro-oesophageal reflux dise","cbCainP7bZwZ1mtE","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainP7bZwZ1mtE","pdf",629658,"English","# Introduction\n## Oesophageal cancer epidemiology and subtypes\n## Risk factors and clinical presentation\n## Diagnostic workflow","[{\"question\":\"Why are new biomarkers important for oesophageal cancer?\",\"answer\":\"Oesophageal cancer is highly aggressive and typically diagnosed late, leading to poor prognosis. New biomarkers that can be measured non-invasively and at low cost are critical for improving diagnosis.\"},{\"question\":\"Which chemokine-related markers are associated with tumor stage and clinical parameters?\",\"answer\":\"The review reports significant correlations for CXCL12, CXCR4, CXCL8/CXCR2, and related factors, along with other markers such as M-CSF, MMP-2, MMP-9, ADAM17, ADAMTS-6, and CLDN7, with tumor stage and clinicopathological features.\"},{\"question\":\"Which biomarkers show prognostic value and diagnostic utility?\",\"answer\":\"CXCL12, CXCL8/CXCR2, IL-6, TIMP-2, ADAM9, and ADAMTS-6 are described as prognostic factors for overall survival. IL-6, CXCR4, CXCL8, and MMP-9 also indicate higher diagnostic utility based on ROC curve AUC compared with established tumor markers.\"}]","Exploring Potential Biomarkers in Oesophageal Cancer: A Comprehensive Analysis | PDF",1789996327,48]