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Structural and functional analyses rely on Hyland’s (2008) framework, with cross-subdiscipline comparisons and an additional fine-grained function analysis to derive pedagogically friendly formal-functional clusters, alongside implications.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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study?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The study examines how four-word lexical bundles are used in English Electrical and Electronic Engineering Master’s dissertations written by Algerian students, and how these bundles vary across sub-disciplines.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How are lexical bundles analyzed in this paper?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The extracted bundles are analyzed for their structural and functional properties using Hyland’s (2008) framework, followed by a fine-grained functional analysis beyond that framework.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What outputs does the study aim to produce for teaching?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"It proposes pedagogically friendly formal-functional ‘clusters’ of bundles and discusses potential pedagogical and methodological implications for language teaching approaches such as ESP and 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Linguistics e-ISSN 2490-4198  \nVol. 3, No. 1, March 2018, 47-77 © The Authors  \n[http://www.arjals.com](http://www.arjals.com)  \nFares Rezoug & Benet Vincent  \nCoventry University, UK  \nAbstract  \nAlthough lexical bundles (LBs) have attracted considerable attention in applied linguistics, their variation by discipline is an under-researched area, particularly with regard to Master’s dissertations. This paper explores the frequency, structure, and function of four-word bundles used in Electrical and Electronic Engineering Master’s dissertations written in English by Algerian students working in four sub-disciplines – Power Engineering, Computer Engineering, Telecommunication Engineering and Control Engineering. The LBs extracted from each subdiscipline were subjected to structural and functional analysis, applying Hyland’s (2008) framework. The results were compared across the sub-disciplines and between these subdisciplines and Hyland’s (2008) findings for Electrical Engineering to indicate the main structural and functional patterns relating to the bundles retrieved. Further, a fine-grained functional analysis was undertaken which goes beyond Hyland’s framework to indicate the main realisations of bundles and propose pedagogically-friendly formal-functional ‘clusters’ of bundles. Potential pedagogical and methodological implications are also discussed.  \nKeywords: Engineering Master’s dissertations, English for specific purposes, lexical bundles, phraseology, corpus linguistics.  \n1. Introduction  \nRecurrent word combinations have attracted the attention of linguists at least since Palmer (1933) and Firth (1951), who referred to ‘‘collocation’’ and‘‘collocability’’. However, it was not until the increased availability of computerreadable corpora in the 1980s that it became possible to investigate these combinations in detail. This type of research can be considered under the umbrella of ‘phraseology’, the ‘tendency of words to occur in preferred sequences’ (Hunston, 2002, p. 138) and typically acknowledges Sinclair’s (1991)  \n‘idiom principle’, which holds that speakers and writers do not select single words at a time, but choose pre-constructed phrases to express a particular meaning.  \nOne influential approach to investigating phraseology and thereby finding typical ‘ways of saying things in a particular discourse’ (Gledhill, 2000, p.  \n1) is lexical bundle analysis (Biber, Johansson, Leech, Conrad, & Finegan, 1999), that is, the identification and classification of the fixed-length strings of items (e.g. the fact that the, on the other hand) that occur most frequently in particular texts. Lexical bundles have also received attention as n-grams (e.g. Ellis, Simpson-Vlach, & Maynard, 2008), clusters (Schmitt, Grandage & Adolphs, 2004)  \nand recurrent word combinations (Altenberg, 1998; De Cock, 1998) .  \nSince a significant proportion of words are found to occur in recurrent bundles, lexical bundles are ‘useful devices for the comprehension and construction of discourse’ (Biber & Barbieri, 2007, p. 284) . Biber et al. (1999, p.  \n995) for example, find that around 21% of words occur in such bundles in academic prose. Such findings are used to argue that less proficient writers should gain greater awareness of the most common realisations and functions of bundles (Ädel & Erman, 2012; Nesi & Basturkmen, 2006), and also that language teachers should know which bundles are most common in target texts. However, bundles are not usually complete phrases (Biber et al., 1999; Stubbs & Barth, 2003; Biber & Barbieri, 2007), but are more profitably seen as evidence of the phraseological tendency of language; lexical bundle analysis is one way of a number of approaches to investigating conventionalised uses of language (Vincent, 2013) .  \nWray (2002) and Hyland (2008) point out that different academic disciplines favour different specific word combi","cbCaibkxyjzJbye1","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibkxyjzJbye1","pdf",1608748,31,"English","# Introduction\n## Lexical bundles in the literature\n## (Further sections continue beyond the provided text)","[{\"question\":\"What is the main focus of the study?\",\"answer\":\"The study examines how four-word lexical bundles are used in English Electrical and Electronic Engineering Master’s dissertations written by Algerian students, and how these bundles vary across sub-disciplines.\"},{\"question\":\"How are lexical bundles analyzed in this paper?\",\"answer\":\"The extracted bundles are analyzed for their structural and functional properties using Hyland’s (2008) framework, followed by a fine-grained functional analysis beyond that framework.\"},{\"question\":\"What outputs does the study aim to produce for teaching?\",\"answer\":\"It proposes pedagogically friendly formal-functional ‘clusters’ of bundles and discusses potential pedagogical and methodological implications for language teaching approaches such as ESP and EAP.\"}]","Exploring Lexical Bundles in the Algerian Corpus of Engineering | PDF",1792072841,78]