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Results identified two overarching themes, six categories, and 23 sub-categories, covering physical, environmental, and psychological discomfort, together with needs to relieve discomfort. Findings highlight culturally shaped self-management and nursing support gaps to guide comfort-focused interventions.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exploring-discomfort-experienced-during-chemotherapy-in-thai-breast-cancer-patients/381091/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/exploring-discomfort-experienced-during-chemotherapy-in-thai-breast-cancer-patients/381091.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Oliver","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",5,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What 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During Chemotherapy in Thai Breast Cancer Patients  \nParanee Phongnopakoon1, Boonjai Srisatidnarakul1 *, Yu Yun Hsu2 Abstract  \nIntroduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females worldwide, and a new era is prevalent in the early stage. A qualitative approach explores discomfort experienced during adjuvant chemotherapy among Thai breast cancer patients. Method: The participants were selected by purposive sampling with a variation of two comprehensive cancer centers. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with fifteen patients who had completed the second cycle of adjuvant chemotherapy prior to the interview. Results: A qualitative content analysis of data revealed two themes, six categories, and 23 sub-categories. The themes defined discomfort characteristics and factors leading to discomfort. Among all the categories were described physical discomfort, environmental discomfort, psychological discomfort, needing to relieve discomfort, lack of socio-cultural support, and lack of mental support. Conclusion: There is a need to alleviate discomfort, specifically due to Thai beliefs and culture related to patient self-management and nursing care. These findings may be extended to best practice nursing interventions to enhance comfort outcomes for breast cancer patients and elevate patient satisfaction.  \nKeywords: Breast cancer-chemotherapy-discomfort  \nAsian Pac J Cancer Prev, 24 (2), 459-465  \nIntroduction  \nBreast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide and the leading new cancer in the early stage. As of 2020, there were 7.8 million women alive diagnosed with breast cancer in the past five years (WHO, 2021) . In Thailand, breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in Thai women (National Cancer Institute, 2019). Early-stage (stage I-IIA) and locally advanced stage (stage IIB-IIIC) cancers are prevalent in 81.88% of patients. The metastatic stage (stage IV) is prevalent in only 18.12% of patients (National Cancer Institute, 2019). Adjuvant therapy is a type of therapy that follows primary treatment, such as surgery, to remove a cancerous tumor. The main goal of adjuvant chemotherapy is to lower the chance that cancer will return and improve the outcome of first-line treatment.(National Comprehensive Cancer Network, 2019) .  \nDiscomfort for breast cancer patients might be felt during adjuvant chemotherapy simultaneously with aside effect from previous treatment, such as after surgery. Adjuvant therapy can consist of physical discomfort, including pain, fatigue, difficulty sleeping, nausea and vomiting, taste disorders, hair loss, constipation, diarrhea, sexual dysfunction, loss of appetite, and weight loss.(Rha and Lee, 2017; Sullivan et al., 2018; Uysal et al., 2018). In addition to negative treatment expectations, the higher patient complaints about the worsening physical  \nconditions are more anxiety, more distress, and lower quality of life; however, the psychological discomfort also affects low self-awareness and self-confidence. Breast cancer also entails challenges to emotions and body image, raising sexual concerns. Social function disabilities such as loss of a breast, hair loss, medicine-induced weight gain/loss are associated with body-image disturbance, feelings ofunattractiveness, and loss of femininity. Several former studies also found that breast cancer patients might suffer from adverse economic and financial effects during chemotherapy. (Heisig et al., 2016; Nahm et al., 2018) .  \nA medical team currently has personalized therapy as a unique patient-centered and patient needs approach whose goal is good clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction (Srisatidnarakul, 2017) . Relieving discomfort can be distinguished from the clinical nursing perspective, and discomfort assessment is crucial in caring for those suffering. When nursing care matches the appropriate tre","cbCaieplvsNEWwJc","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieplvsNEWwJc","pdf",300804,"English","# Introduction\n# Materials and Methods\n## Settings and Participants\n## Data Collection","[{\"question\":\"What study design and sampling method were used to explore discomfort?\",\"answer\":\"The study used a qualitative approach with purposive sampling from two comprehensive cancer centers, followed by individual in-depth interviews with fifteen patients.\"},{\"question\":\"How many themes, categories, and sub-categories were identified in the findings?\",\"answer\":\"Qualitative content analysis revealed two themes, six categories, and 23 sub-categories describing discomfort characteristics and factors leading to discomfort.\"},{\"question\":\"What kinds of discomfort were reported by the participants?\",\"answer\":\"Participants described physical, environmental, and psychological discomfort, along with categories related to needing to relieve discomfort and gaps in socio-cultural and mental support.\"}]","Exploring Discomfort Experienced During Chemotherapy in Thai Breast Cancer Patients | PDF",1790243533,18]