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Through document analysis, interviews, and participant observation, it applies mixed methods to collect and analyze quantitative data from the institution’s user database and qualitative data from staff interviews. Findings show teaching research in private tutoring often differs from public schooling: it is technology-driven, student-tailored, and process-standardized, supporting innovation and equity.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/explorations-in-teaching-research-by-a-tutoring-institution-in-china/600989/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/explorations-in-teaching-research-by-a-tutoring-institution-in-china/600989.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"mieayamfan","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the article’s main focus?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The article focuses on organizational practice of teaching research in China’s private tutoring industry, and how a major institution understands and engages in standardization and informatization processes.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the study conducted?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study uses a case study design with document analysis of institutional history, interviews with long-term personnel, and mixed-method data collection including quantitative data from the institution’s user database and qualitative data from interviews and participant observation.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What does the article find about teaching research in private tutoring?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Teaching research in private tutoring commonly differs from public schooling and, in this case, is technology-driven, student-tailored, and process-standardized.",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"What value does the article propose?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"It suggests insights for cooperation between formal schools and tutoring institutions in teaching research and other in-class and off-campus activities, and highlights the necessity and benefits of adopting technical methods in teaching processes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},600989,1792231298,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":143,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":144,"faqs":145,"seo_title":146,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":147,"read_time":46},962090893677,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","Explorations in Teaching Research by a Tutoring Institution in China  \nYunfeng Bai and Xueli Tang TAL Education Group, China  \nXingfang Li  \nThe University of Hong Kong, China Shunan Fan  \nEast China Normal University, China  \nECNU Review of Education 2019, Vol. 2(1) 87–94 ª The Author(s) 2019 Article reuse guidelines:  \n[sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[DOI: 10.1177/2096531119840866](DOI: 10.1177/2096531119840866)[ ](DOI: 10.1177/2096531119840866)[journals.sagepub.com/home/roe](journals.sagepub.com/home/roe)  \nAbstract  \nPurpose: This article focuses on rarely explored organizational practice of teaching research in China’s private tutoring industry. Taking a large private tutoring institution as an example, the article examines how private tutoring institutions understand and engage in educational explorations of standardization and informatization processes.  \nDesign/Approach/Methods: The article is based on a case study of one of the biggest tutoring companies in China. The study started with document analysis of the institutional history, supplemented by interviews with personnel who have worked in the institution since it was founded. Next, the researchers collected empirical data using mixed methods. Quantitative data were obtained from the user database owned by the institution. Qualitative data were collected directly by the researchers through interviews and participant observation. Both qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed from multiple perspectives.  \nFindings: Teaching research in private tutoring institutions commonly differs from that in public schooling. In this particular case, it is technology-driven, student-tailored, and processstandardized. Utilized well, it can supplement the mainstream public education system and promote education innovation and equity throughout the country.  \nOriginality/Value: It is hoped that this article could give some insights into the possibility of the cooperation between formal schools and tutoring institutions in the areas of teaching research and other in-class and off-campus activities. The article can also draw public attention to the necessity and benefits of adopting technical methods in the teaching process.  \nCorresponding authors:  \nXingfang Li, The Department of Law, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China. Email: u3508660@hku.hk  \nShunan Fan, Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai 200062, China.  \nEmail: [susana_snfan@163.com](susana_snfan@163.com)  \nCreative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons  \nAttribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ([http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/](http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)) which permits noncommercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages ([https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage](https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage)).  \nKeywords  \nChina, educational informatization, private tutoring, teaching research, teaching standardization  \nDate received: 15 December 2018; accepted: 6 March 2019  \nIntroduction  \nPrivate tutoring in China has expanded at great speed in the past two decades (Zhang & Bray, 2016) . Its rapid expansion has counterparts elsewhere in the world and has growing influence on education and the wider society (Bray, 2009, 2011; Zhang & Bray, 2017) . Some dimensions of tutoring can be problematic with backwash on schooling and parenting, while some can be useful supplements and contribute to teaching and learning (Bray & Lykins, 2012). Private tutoring industry in China is very complicated and diverse, and the development of the industry is not straightforward. This article is a case study of a tutoring institution in China. The case ins","cbCaiuF6yI4iUeAh","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuF6yI4iUeAh","pdf",416719,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What is the article’s main focus?\",\"answer\":\"The article focuses on organizational practice of teaching research in China’s private tutoring industry, and how a major institution understands and engages in standardization and informatization processes.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the study conducted?\",\"answer\":\"The study uses a case study design with document analysis of institutional history, interviews with long-term personnel, and mixed-method data collection including quantitative data from the institution’s user database and qualitative data from interviews and participant observation.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the article find about teaching research in private tutoring?\",\"answer\":\"Teaching research in private tutoring commonly differs from public schooling and, in this case, is technology-driven, student-tailored, and process-standardized.\"},{\"question\":\"What value does the article propose?\",\"answer\":\"It suggests insights for cooperation between formal schools and tutoring institutions in teaching research and other in-class and off-campus activities, and highlights the necessity and benefits of adopting technical methods in teaching processes.\"}]","Explorations in Teaching Research by a Tutoring Institution in China | PDF",1792091756]