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A purposive sample of 322 students from the M.Ed. programme was surveyed using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire. The analysis applied mean scores and t-tests using SPSS version 21. Findings show that gaps in the admission process, books distribution delays, assignments, course tutorials, and student support services contribute to anxiety, with slightly higher overall anxiety means for male students.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exploration-of-anxiety-factors-among-students-of-distance-learning-a-case-study-of-allama-iqbal-open-university/595950/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/exploration-of-anxiety-factors-among-students-of-distance-learning-a-case-study-of-allama-iqbal-open-university/595950.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Anna Hans","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Which anxiety factors were identified as influencing students at Allama Iqbal Open University?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study highlights issues such as lacunae in the admission process, books distribution, assignments, course tutorials, and student support services as contributors to students’ anxiety.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the study conducted and what tools were used for analysis?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"A descriptive design used a questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale, with mean score analysis and t-test performed in SPSS version 21.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What relationship did the study find between anxiety and academic performance?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The research reports a significant effect of anxiety on the academic performance of distance learning students at AIOU.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},595950,1792166489,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":41,"preview_page_count":4},5909892332657,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","Exploration of Anxiety Factors among Students of Distance Learning: A Case Study of Allama Iqbal Open University  \nMuhammad Ajmal * and Saghir Ahmad**  \nAbstract  \nPresent study aimed to find out the anxiety factors among students of distance learning of Allama Iqbal Open University. The sample of the study comprised of 322 students of M.Ed. programme selected by using purposive sampling technique. The study was descriptive in nature. Questionnaire was used as the research instrument which was based on five point Likert scale. Mean score and t-test was applied by using SPSS version 21.The results highlighted that factors, like lacunae in admission process, books distribution, assignments, course tutorials and student support services were found to create anxiety among the students of AIOU. The overall mean values for all factors of anxiety were slightly higher in male students as compared to female students. A significant effect of anxiety on the academic performance of distance learners was found. Present research found a significant effect of anxiety on the academic performance among distance learning students of AIOU. It is recommended that University may support students in managing their academic anxiety through counseling and behavioral techniques.  \nKeywords: Anxiety, academic performance, and distance learner.  \n*Associate Professor, Department of Distance and Non Formal Education, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad. E-mail: [drajmal@aiou.edu.pk](drajmal@aiou.edu.pk)  \n** PhD Scholar, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan.  \nE-mail: [saghir.edu786@gmail.com](saghir.edu786@gmail.com)  \nIntroduction  \nAnxiety is a basic human emotion that consists of fear and uncertainty and usually it occurs when an individual believes that the event is a threat to self or self-esteem. Anxiety can also be state or trait depending on its duration. Anxiety blocks the normal thought processes. It favors a passive approach to material rather than interaction with it. Anxiety is the human emotion that everyone experiences. Students experience problems during their studies, and feel anxious when taking exams or making significant life decisions. There is evidence in the literature that there is a negative correlation between anxiety and student achievement, and there is a negative correlation between anxiety and the realization of important cognitive and emotional outcomes in distance learning education (Jegede, Alaiyemola, & Okebukola, 1990) . The apparent difference between face-to-face and distance learning and the accompanying environmental variables that affect distance learners make the impact of anxiety on distance learning more likely. Gibbs, Habeshaw, and Habeshaw (1989) put it succinctly, ‘Anxiety causes students to consistently underperform. Anxiety in distance learners stems mainly from their life experiences, and expectations/ assumptions they make as a result. The distance learners tend to fear failure, yet conversely can have high, even unrealistic expectations of themselves. They may have had negative experiences of educations in the past, and assume that distance learning education may provide the same disempowering learning environment as that experiences by many school.  \nIn contrast to traditional classroom instruction, various studies have been conducted to assess students' attitudes, dropouts and academic performance in distance education. Compared with classroom education, there are many factors identified in distance education of poor results and high dropout rate; boring courses, economic difficulties, lack of feedback and encouragement, isolation, lack of motivation, dissatisfaction with requirements or regulations, and changes in career goals (Bernard, 2004; Fozdar & Kumar, 2007) . Saddington (1992) highlighted that the expectation of disempowerment is one of the key issues in feelings of anxiety and poor confidence. The fear of interaction with other people triggering s","cbCailoGvdT0m8mV","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailoGvdT0m8mV","pdf",116425,12,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Review of the Related Literature","[{\"question\":\"Which anxiety factors were identified as influencing students at Allama Iqbal Open University?\",\"answer\":\"The study highlights issues such as lacunae in the admission process, books distribution, assignments, course tutorials, and student support services as contributors to students’ anxiety.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the study conducted and what tools were used for analysis?\",\"answer\":\"A descriptive design used a questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale, with mean score analysis and t-test performed in SPSS version 21.\"},{\"question\":\"What relationship did the study find between anxiety and academic performance?\",\"answer\":\"The research reports a significant effect of anxiety on the academic performance of distance learning students at AIOU.\"}]","Exploration of Anxiety Factors among Students of Distance Learning - A Case Study of Allama Iqbal Open University | PDF",1792082172]