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A quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttest was implemented in the second grading period. Participants included 45 ICT B students and 42 ICT C students under the TVL strand, selected through purposive sampling. Results showed very poor initial performance that improved after instruction, with significant gains in both control and experimental groups, demonstrating effectiveness of explicit instruction and the approach in improving learning outcomes.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/explicit-instruction-in-teaching-general-mathematics-and-the-application-of-concrete-pictorial-abstract-approach-performance-study-for-grade-11/180220/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/explicit-instruction-in-teaching-general-mathematics-and-the-application-of-concrete-pictorial-abstract-approach-performance-study-for-grade-11/180220.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Olivia Brown","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-02",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What research design was used to evaluate the teaching strategies?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"A quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttest in General Mathematics was used during the second grading period.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Who were the participants of the study?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study involved 45 Grade 11 ICT B students and 42 Grade 11 ICT C students under the TVL strand, selected using purposive sampling.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What were the main findings after applying explicit instruction and the concrete–pictorial–abstract approach?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Students’ performance improved from very poor pretest results, and mean gain scores increased, indicating that explicit instruction and the approach were effective.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},180220,1788339957,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144},16904993612988,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","| Explicit Instruction in Teaching General Mathematics and the Application of Concrete – Pictorial-Abstract Approach\u003Cbr>Deborah E. Bandahala\u003Cbr>Teacher – III Baliwasan Senior High School – Stand Alone Department of Education, Zamboanga City Division | |\n| --- | --- |\n| ABSTRACT: This study determined the performance of grade 11 senior high school students using explicit instruction in teaching General Mathematics and the application of concrete – pictorial-abstract approach during the school year 2022-2023. The study utilized the quasi-experimental research design employing pretest and posttest in general mathematics during the second grading period. The participants of this study were 45 Grade 11 students of ICT B and 42 students of ICT C under TVL – Strand. Purposive sampling technique was utilized in determining the samples of the study. The findings revealed that Grade 11 students had very poor performance in general mathematics, but that performance improved when the teachers gave explicit instructions and employed the concrete-pictorial-abstract approach. Grade 11 students in the control and experimental groups increased their mean gain scores, which proved that explicit instructions and application of the concrete-pictorial-abstract approach were effective in teaching General Mathematics. It is highly recommended that teachers are advised to apply their learnings in teaching General Mathematics to Grade 11 senior high school students using explicit instruction and a concrete-pictorial-abstract approach in order to demonstrate a commitment to improving existing practices and ultimately enhancing the learning outcomes of the students.\u003Cbr>KEYWORDS: Concrete – Pictorial-Abstract Approach, Explicit Instruction, General Mathematics |  |\n\n| Performance of Grade 11 Senior High School Students Before Explicit Instruction & CPA Application |  |  |  | Performance of Grade 11 Senior High School Students After Explicit Instruction & CPA Application |  |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Control Group |  | Experimental Group |  | Control Group |  | Experimental Group |  |\n| Grade | Description | Grade | Description | Grade | Description | Grade | Description |\n| 80.00 | Satisfactory | 78.00 | Fairly\u003Cbr>Satisfactory | 80.00 | Satisfactory | 85.00 | Very\u003Cbr>Satisfactory |\n\n\n| Pretest Result of the Control Group |  |  | Pretest Result of the Experimental Group |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Mean | Equivalent | Description | Mean | Equivalent | Description |\n| 5.56 | 70.00 | Did not meet expectations | 5.09 | 70.00 | Did not meet expectations |\n\n\n| Posttest Result of the Control Group |  |  | Posttest Result of the Experimental Group |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Mean | Equivalent | Description | Mean | Equivalent | Description |\n| 11.78 | 80.00 | Satisfactory | 13.31 | 85.00 | Very Satisfactory |\n\n\n|  | Control |  | Experimental |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Variables | Mean | Std. | Mean | Std. |\n| Pretest | 5.56 | 1.94 | 5.09 | 1.26 |\n| Posttest | 11.78 | 2.35 | 13.31 | 1.92 |\n| Mean Gain Score | 6.22 | 0.41 | 8.22 | 0.66 |\n\n\n| Respondents | Mean Gain Scores | t-value | P-value | Interpretation |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Experimental | 8.22 | 4.890 | .000 | Significant |\n| Control | 6.22 |  |  |  |\n\n\n| Respondents | Control | Experimental | t-value | P-value | Interpretation |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Pretest | 5.56 | 5.09 | 4.274 | .000 | Significant |\n| Posttest | 11.78 | 13.31 | 2.989 | .000 | Significant |\n\n\n| Objectives | Strategies/ Activities | Time Frame | Persons\u003Cbr>involved | Resources Needed | Expected Outcomes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| PPA 1: Administration of Pretest & Posttest |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Administer Pretest & Posttest every quarter | Administering the Pretest & Posttest every quarter | First Semester of Every School Year | 􀁸 Subject Group Head\u003Cbr>􀁸 Teachers\u003Cbr>􀁸 Students | Printed Copy of the Modules, Lesson","cbCaik2hN9zPRj8J","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaik2hN9zPRj8J","pdf",989509,14,"English","# Abstract and Findings\n## Research Design and Participants\n## Pretest and Posttest Performance\n## Mean Gain Scores and Statistical Results\n## Instructional Objectives and Activities","[{\"question\":\"What research design was used to evaluate the teaching strategies?\",\"answer\":\"A quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttest in General Mathematics was used during the second grading period.\"},{\"question\":\"Who were the participants of the study?\",\"answer\":\"The study involved 45 Grade 11 ICT B students and 42 Grade 11 ICT C students under the TVL strand, selected using purposive sampling.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the main findings after applying explicit instruction and the concrete–pictorial–abstract approach?\",\"answer\":\"Students’ performance improved from very poor pretest results, and mean gain scores increased, indicating that explicit instruction and the approach were effective.\"}]","Explicit Instruction in Teaching General Mathematics and the Application of Concrete - Pictorial-Abstract Approach - Performance Study for Grade 11 | PDF",35]