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An approximate theoretical analysis is developed in the Appendix and practical adaptation of existing boiler plants is discussed.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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range of Mach numbers does the steam-driven induction wind tunnel reach?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The experiments investigate tunnel performance up to a Mach number of about 1.7.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How does the study compare steam driving with earlier compressed-air driving?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The required steam and air pressures and quantities are found to be comparable to previous experiments using compressed air.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Why are boiler plants and engineering-college setups relevant to the proposed method?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Existing boiler plants can be adapted to drive high speed tunnels, offering a simple and inexpensive way to install small high speed tunnels where steam supply is 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\n-by-  \nG.M,Lilley,D.I.C.,M.Sc.,  \nof the Department of Aerodynamics  \nand  \nD.W.Holder,D.I.C.,A,C.G.I.,B.Sc.,of the Aerodynamics Division of theNational Physical Laboratory  \nSUMMARY  \nThe performance of an induction type high speed wind tunnel drivenby low pressure steam(up to 1201b.per sq.in.absolute)has beeninvestigated up to a Mach number of about 1.7.   It was found thatby suitable design a range of Mach numbers could be attained over awide range of supply pressures and steam quantities,    Comparisonwith previous experiments in which compressed air was used to drivethe tunnel show that the required steam and air pressures and quantitiesare comparable.   These results imply that in many cases existing boilerplants can readily be adapted to drive high speed tunnels of usefuldimensions.  \nAn approximate theoretical analysis of the performance of thistype of tunnel is developed in the Appendix.  \nIt is not anticipated that the method will have any large scaleapplications,but it is suggested that it may provide a simple andinexpensive method for installing small high speed tunnels inEngineering Colleges and similar establishments where a steam supplyis already available.  \nThis investigation was performed at the suggestion ofProfessor Cave-Browne-Cave of University College,Southampton inhis laboratories,  \nGML/DMS  \n—2—  \nSymbols  \n1.  \nvelocity of sound(a²=YP/p)  \na  \nA  \narea of cross-section of mixing zone  \nAs  \narea of the high pressure slot  \nAw  \narea of the working section  \nb and c  \nconstants in the Callendar equation ofstate for steam  \nC  \na function of M5,the Mach number atthe end of thé mixing zone  \n°p  \nspecific heat of dry air  \ni  \ntotal heat  \nJ  \nmechanical equivalent of heat  \nmass flow of dry air  \nm1  \nmass flow of steam  \nm2  \nM  \nMach number  \nratio of specific heats insupersaturated steam  \nn  \np  \npressure  \nQ  \nmass flow of steam lb。per hourArea of working-section  \nr  \nArea of mi.xing zone  \nR  \nconstant in equation of state  \nT  \nabsolute temperature  \nU  \nvelocity  \nspecific volume  \nV  \nratio of specific heats in dry air  \nY  \nratio of specific heats in air-water-vapourmixture.  \nYm  \ndiffuser efficiency  \nn  \nmass flow of dry air  \nμ  \nmass flow of steam  \ndensity  \nP  \nrefers to conditions in compressedair receiver  \nr  \nrefers to conditions in steam pressurechamber  \nS  \nrefers to conditions of dry air atintake to tunnel  \nOm  \nrefers to conditions of the air-water-vapour mixture downstream of themixing zone  \n1,2,3,5,6  \nrefers to conditions at the respectivenumbered section on Fig.2.  \n—4—  \n# 2.  Introduction\n\nConsiderable experience has been obtained at theNational Physical Laboratory in the use of air injectiors todrive high speed wind tunnels,but the use of steam injectiorsfor this purpose appears to have received comparatively littleattention.  \nThe use of steam has been discussed by Poggi³andtunnels using steam at high pressures and superheat were builtin Germany between 1940 and 1945.  More recently Professor Cave-Browne-Cave suggested that the method would have certain advantagesfor driving small high speed wind tunnels at Engineering Colleges,since if the boilers were available the remainder of the plant couldbe very simple and cheap.    It was at his request that the presentexperiments were performed in his laboratories.  \nThe main experiments described below have been made onthe N.P.L。21/L,in.diameter tunnel using dry saturated and slightlysuperheated steam at pressures up to 1201b.per sq,in.absolute.Scme preliminary flow observations were however made with a 2 in.sq·glass-sided working section.  \n# 3.  Apparatus\n\nThe flow of air through the working-section was inducedby a flow of low pressure steam(up to 1201b./sq.in.absolute)through an annular injector slot placed downstream of the working.section.   The common flow was then discharged into a conicaldiffuser,  \nThe prs1iminary wor","cbCaiphPyBZlduYc","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiphPyBZlduYc","pdf",4675566,21,"English","# 2. Introduction\n# 3. Apparatus\n# 4. Preliminary Tests\n# 5. Experimental Results","[{\"question\":\"What range of Mach numbers does the steam-driven induction wind tunnel reach?\",\"answer\":\"The experiments investigate tunnel performance up to a Mach number of about 1.7.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the study compare steam driving with earlier compressed-air driving?\",\"answer\":\"The required steam and air pressures and quantities are found to be comparable to previous experiments using compressed air.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are boiler plants and engineering-college setups relevant to the proposed method?\",\"answer\":\"Existing boiler plants can be adapted to drive high speed tunnels, offering a simple and inexpensive way to install small high speed tunnels where steam supply is available.\"}]","Experiments on an Induction Type HighSpeed Wind Tunnel Driven by LowPressure Steam - Summary and Appendices | PDF",53]