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Data come from participants’ diary entries and follow-up interviews. Analysis uses a grounded theory approach. Results show no experiences matched established models of adaptive conceptualization; at the linguistic level participants faced early language shock, while culturally they developed increasingly negative attitudes over time, forming dual identities. It also considers diary and future research implications.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/experiences-of-female-chinese-university-students-in-japan-a-diary-study-with-a-grounded-theory-approach/594138/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/experiences-of-female-chinese-university-students-in-japan-a-diary-study-with-a-grounded-theory-approach/594138.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Kurz","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-17","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the study’s primary focus?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study examines how linguistic and cultural learning processes relate, as perceived by four female Chinese university exchange students in Japan over one academic year.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which data sources and analysis method are used?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The research uses diary entries and follow-up interviews, analyzed through a grounded theory approach.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What main findings are reported about language and culture?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Participants experienced language shock at the initial arrival stage, and culturally they developed negative attitudes toward their hosts over time, while also constructing dual identities negotiated by age and gender.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},594138,1792252287,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},2336478945635,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","| | \u003Cbr>Australian Journal of Applied Linguistics\u003Cbr>ISSN 2209-0959\u003Cbr>[https://www.castledown.com/journals/ajal/](https://www.castledown.com/journals/ajal/) |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Australian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 6(3), 155–175 (2023) [https://doi.org/10.29140/ajal.v6n3.1148](https://doi.org/10.29140/ajal.v6n3.1148) |  |  |\n| Experiences of Female Chinese University Students in Japan: A Diary Study with a Grounded Theory Approach |  | |\n| HIROFUMI ASADA\u003Cbr>Department of Intercultural Studies Kurume University, Japan [asada_hirofumi@kurume-u.ac.jp](asada_hirofumi@kurume-u.ac.jp) |  |  |\n| Abstract\u003Cbr>The focus of this study is to explore the relationship between the linguistic and cultural learning processes that four female Chinese university exchange students perceived in Japan over one academic year. Two data collection instruments were employed: participants’ diary entries and follow-up interviews with the four participants during the study-abroad period. A grounded theory approach was employed for data analysis. The main finding was that none of the Chinese sojourners’experiences during their study abroad represented the models of conceptualizing adaptive changes (Lysgaard, 1955; Oberg 1960) . Furthermore, at a linguistic level, the sojourners experienced language shock at the initial arrival stage while at the cultural level, they came to develop negative attitudes towards their hosts over time. In the perceptions of linguistically-and culturally-specific restructuring processes in the host environment, with the impact of rich formal classroom instruction and learning in the home country, the sojourners were constructing dual identities negotiated with age and gender (cf. Ting-Toomey, 2005) . On one level, they wished to celebrate their youth with hosts of the same generation by becoming involved in similar linguistic usage. On another, they wanted to behave in a polite manner like elderly women at linguistic and cultural levels. This study also discusses theoretical implications for diaries as a base research tool and methodological implications for future research.\u003Cbr>Keywords: diary study, follow-up interview, grounded theory approach, learning process, identity. |  |  |\n\nCopyright: © 2023 Hirofumi Asada. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within this paper.  \nIntroduction  \nThere are growing numbers of sojourners, immigrants or refugees across national boundaries in search of academic or professional careers or seeking political or material stability in Japan. This is due to greater economic growth since the 1980s (Gottlieb, 2005; see also Arli et al., 2023) as well as the government’s immigration policy, which allows ethnic Japanese of other nationalities to work and which promotes the settlement of Chinese war orphans and refugees from South-east Asia (Kanno, 2004). At the same time, however, this multicultural tide and the diversity of the interaction in contact situations (cf. Fan, 1994) between native speakers and non-native speakers demand in-depth studies of the multiple aspects of communication problems and the process of negotiating adaptation to the host culture. Neustupný (1985) claimed that “we now are more interested in what it is that happens ina particular contact situation or in contact situations in general”(p. 161) . Moreover, these significant features of multiculturalism, which have brought about wide-ranging changes in Japanese society, can also be identified in educational domains such as universities.  \nWith regard to tertiary-level institutions, it is often claimed that the host environments offer sojourners rich opportunities for social interactions with local students or others that facilitate both ","cbCaitTZ2dWB5c3F","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitTZ2dWB5c3F","pdf",645927,21,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Background: sojourners, multicultural contact, and adaptation needs\n## Research gap: linguistic focus vs cultural learning\n## Rationale: interdisciplinary perspective and diary-based follow-up","[{\"question\":\"What is the study’s primary focus?\",\"answer\":\"The study examines how linguistic and cultural learning processes relate, as perceived by four female Chinese university exchange students in Japan over one academic year.\"},{\"question\":\"Which data sources and analysis method are used?\",\"answer\":\"The research uses diary entries and follow-up interviews, analyzed through a grounded theory approach.\"},{\"question\":\"What main findings are reported about language and culture?\",\"answer\":\"Participants experienced language shock at the initial arrival stage, and culturally they developed negative attitudes toward their hosts over time, while also constructing dual identities negotiated by age and gender.\"}]","Experiences of Female Chinese University Students in Japan - A Diary Study with a Grounded Theory Approach | PDF",1792078607,53]