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The author recounts first-day classroom experiences, describes parents’ concerns and confident responses from a former high school principal, and links perseverance to mindset and supportive coaching. The piece outlines school-wide Habits of Mind and Habits of Character work, addresses neuroscience claims about early stress, and responds to criticisms of “grit” research as a deficit model, emphasizing equity for students facing poverty.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":53,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/lifestyle/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/expecting-all-students-and-educators-to-use-the-hearts-and-minds-well/602528/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/expecting-all-students-and-educators-to-use-the-hearts-and-minds-well/602528.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"pixelkiddo","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-24","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the author mean by the “179-Day War”?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It describes the ongoing struggle between students’ discouragement and educators’ repeated efforts during an academic year, shaped by early classroom experiences and follow-up consequences.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why does the author shift focus from students to school culture?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Because concentrating only on the student leads to blame, while focusing on institutional culture enables educators to control how expectations and supports are provided.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How are Habits of Mind and Habits of Character used in the author’s approach?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"They set expectations for both students and teachers, aligning Habits of Mind with learning frameworks and Habits of Character with students’ approaches to perseverance and resilience.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},602528,1792480515,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":52,"category_name":53,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090883892,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e00115db34f3e0f11b?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1790152879550218658","Expecting All Students and Educators to Use the Hearts and Minds Well  \nMartin Krovetz  \nIt is the first day of school at almost any public middle or high school. Oscar enters his math classroom thinking, “I have never been successful in math, but I will try to make this year different.” The teacher enters the classroom thinking, “Here I go again, 150+ students, many of whom have big gaps in their math knowledge. I will try to get off to a good start today.” The teacher introduces herself/himself and begins class. Homework is assigned. Oscar goes home thinking he understands the lesson, gets a snack, and starts on the homework. Not able to do most of the problems, he gets discouraged and gives up. The next day Oscar has no homework to turn in. “Here I go again,” he thinks. “Here they go again,” thinks the teacher. The 179-Day War begins.  \nAbout a year ago I read Paul Tough’s book How Children Succeed: Grit, Curiosity, and the Hidden Power of Character (2012) . I found the premise intriguing and consistent with my writing on resilience and my reading about mind-set. For me, the critical question is NOT“How do people learn perseverance and grit?” or“How do students learn to be resilient?” The critical question is“What are the characteristics of school, family, community cultures that support students to act with perseverance and resilience?” If we focus only on the student, we too easily blame Oscar and Oscar’s family. If we focus on the culture of our school, family, community we have control over how we relate to the student.  \nDuring my fourteen years as a high school principal every year several parents, usually fathers, came to my office to talk about their senior student, almost always a daughter. The parent would tell me that he thought his daughter had received a quality education but was concerned about how she would do in college. She had made excellent grades but had not scored as high on the SAT as the parent had hoped. The parent felt that the school inflated grades and had given him and his daughter false hopes about college. My response was always the same, “You know your daughter, and I know your  \n231  \ndaughter. She works very hard. She has tremendous self-discipline, sets high standards for herself, and perseveres. She asks for help andwill redo any assignment as many times as it takes to earn an “A”. She earned those “A”s. She will do fine in college.” The term “grit”was not yet in my vocabulary or I would have described these daughters as “gritty”. I have kept in touch with several of these fathers and daughters, and the daughters have not let me down. They approach life with the mind-set that they can overcome obstacles, be resilient, and accomplish what they set out to do.  \nIt is usually not the smartest person or most athletic who excels in the long run, but the person who displays the mind-set to work hard, to persevere, to be gritty. I attended graduate school at the University of North Carolina (UNC) . I am therefore a huge college basketball fan and particularly a Tar Heel fan. Michael Jordan is regarded as the best basketball player of all times. When he was a freshman UNC won the national championship, and he made the winning basket. When he was a sophomore, UNC lost to Indiana in the quarterfinals. Bob Knight, the renowned Indiana coach, noticed that Jordan did not drive well to his left, so he had his defenders overplay Jordan to the right. Indiana won. As a junior Jordan had a fantastic drive to his left. He was a very talented basketball player, and he was talented because he had a mind-set that helped him work hard to be so. Very importantly, he had a coach in Dean Smith who believed in him and insisted that he improve his game both offensively (driving to his left) and defensively (Jordan’s fame included his prowess as an outstanding defensive player) .  \nAs the Director of LEAD, [www.lead-ces.com](www.lead-ces.com), an affiliated center with the Coalition of Essential Schools (CES), [www.es","cbCaisfEqQe5nSsv","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisfEqQe5nSsv","pdf",247306,11,"English","# Expecting Students and Educators to Use Hearts and Minds Well\n## The 179-Day War\n## Rethinking the Question and School Culture\n## Grit, Perseverance, and Mind-set\n## Habits of Mind and Habits of Character\n## Can These Qualities Be Learned?\n## Critiques and the Need for a Non-Deficit Approach","[{\"question\":\"What does the author mean by the “179-Day War”?\",\"answer\":\"It describes the ongoing struggle between students’ discouragement and educators’ repeated efforts during an academic year, shaped by early classroom experiences and follow-up consequences.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the author shift focus from students to school culture?\",\"answer\":\"Because concentrating only on the student leads to blame, while focusing on institutional culture enables educators to control how expectations and supports are provided.\"},{\"question\":\"How are Habits of Mind and Habits of Character used in the author’s approach?\",\"answer\":\"They set expectations for both students and teachers, aligning Habits of Mind with learning frameworks and Habits of Character with students’ approaches to perseverance and resilience.\"}]","Expecting All Students and Educators to Use the Hearts and Minds Well | PDF",1792094821,17]