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Data come from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) 2001 and 2018 waves. A Tobit model estimates education gradients while adjusting childhood living conditions, chronic conditions, and longest work, using interaction effects and propensity matching to test cohort differences. Results show education gradients are significant in both cohorts but are attenuated in 2018. Childhood living conditions and work type have long-term impacts.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/expanded-education-better-health-in-later-life-evidence-from-the-mexican-health-and-aging-study-mhas/427822/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/expanded-education-better-health-in-later-life-evidence-from-the-mexican-health-and-aging-study-mhas/427822.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Riley West","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-20","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the study objective?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To examine the education gradients in functional limitations for older adults in Mexico by comparing effect sizes between birth cohorts aged 60–76 in 2001 versus 2018.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were functional limitations and education gradients analyzed?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study used data from MHAS 2001 and 2018 waves and applied a Tobit model to estimate education gradients in functional limitations, adjusting for childhood living conditions, chronic conditions, and longest work.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What did the study find about education gradients across cohorts?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Education gradients were significant in both birth cohorts, but the education gradient was weaker (attenuated) for the 2018 cohort compared with the 2001 cohort.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},427822,1790774713,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":8,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":81},1099523885074,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","786 Innovation in Aging, 2025, Vol. 9, No. S2  \nAbstract citation ID: igaf122.2668  \nEXPANDED EDUCATION, BETTER HEALTH IN LATER  \nLIFE?–EVIDENCE FROM THE MEXICAN HEALTH AND  \nAGING STUDY (MHAS)  \nChengming Han1, Brian Downer2, and Zhiwei Hu3, 1. UTMB Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States, 2. UTMB, Galveston, Texas, United States, 3. the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States  \nObjective: ObjectiveThis study intends to examine the education gradients in functional limitations for older adults in Mexico by comparing effect size between two birth cohorts age 60-76 in 2001 versus 2018. Methods: Data were drawn from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) 2001 and 2018 waves. Tobit model was used to estimate the education gradient in functional limitations. Living conditions in childhood (pluming in house, parents’ education, and serious health conditions), chronic conditions, and the longest work were adjusted for. The cohort difference was tested by including interaction effects and propensity matching scores. Results: Compared to the 2001 cohort, the 2018 cohort presented lower proportion of no education, and higher proportion in each level of education, especially the secondary and tertiary education. Education gradients were significant in functional limitations for each birth cohort, but the education gradient was attenuated for the 2018 cohort compared to the 2001 cohort.  \nLiving conditions in childhood have long-term effects on functional limitations in later life. Agricultural and industrial work contribute to greater functional limitations. No different effects of primary job/work and early life conditions between the cohorts were detected. Conclusion: Disregarding the average higher levels of education within the 2018 wave birth cohort, the education gradients in functional limitations decreased compared to the early birth cohort in 2001 wave.","cbCais68PQJDos6K","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCais68PQJDos6K","pdf",707637,"English","# Objective\n# Methods\n# Results\n# Conclusions\n# Implications","[{\"question\":\"What is the study objective?\",\"answer\":\"To examine the education gradients in functional limitations for older adults in Mexico by comparing effect sizes between birth cohorts aged 60–76 in 2001 versus 2018.\"},{\"question\":\"How were functional limitations and education gradients analyzed?\",\"answer\":\"The study used data from MHAS 2001 and 2018 waves and applied a Tobit model to estimate education gradients in functional limitations, adjusting for childhood living conditions, chronic conditions, and longest work.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the study find about education gradients across cohorts?\",\"answer\":\"Education gradients were significant in both birth cohorts, but the education gradient was weaker (attenuated) for the 2018 cohort compared with the 2001 cohort.\"}]","EXPANDED EDUCATION, BETTER HEALTH IN LATER LIFE - Evidence from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) | PDF",1790644880]