[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-371502-105":59,"doc-detail-371502-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","exosomes-their-role-and-therapeutic-potential-in-overcoming-drug-resistance-of-gastrointestinal-cancers","Exosomes: their role and therapeutic potential in overcoming drug resistance of gastrointestinal cancers","","Gastrointestinal cancers are common malignancies, and the emergence of drug resistance drives recurrence, metastasis, and major declines in chemotherapy efficacy. In the tumor microenvironment, exosomes act as carriers of molecular cargo and mediate resistance through epithelial-mesenchymal transition regulation, drug efflux, stem-like phenotype formation, and metabolic reprogramming. Exosomes are also highlighted as potential drug-resistant biomarkers and therapeutic strategies, while challenges remain in obtaining high-quality preparations and lack of standardized processing, characterization, and reference materials.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exosomes-their-role-and-therapeutic-potential-in-overcoming-drug-resistance-of-gastrointestinal-cancers/371502/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/exosomes-their-role-and-therapeutic-potential-in-overcoming-drug-resistance-of-gastrointestinal-cancers/371502.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aria Callaghan","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is drug resistance a major problem in gastrointestinal cancers?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Drug resistance reduces the effectiveness of chemotherapy and contributes to poor prognosis, including tumor recurrence and metastasis.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do exosomes contribute to drug resistance in the tumor microenvironment?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Exosomes regulate multiple resistance-related processes, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, drug efflux, stem-like phenotype, and cancer cell metabolism.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What are the key obstacles to using exosomes as biomarkers or therapies?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The field faces difficulties obtaining high-grade exosomes and lacks standard protocols for processing and characterization, as well as insufficient standardized reference materials and workflows.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},371502,1790628641,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962084926284,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","TYPE Review  \nPUBLISHED 13 May 2025  \nDOI 10.3389/fonc.2025.1540643  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nEDITED BY  \nKunpeng Hu,  \nThird Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, China  \nREVIEWED BY  \nLing Yin,  \nHefei Comprehensive National Science Center Data Space Research Institute, China Marwa Aly,  \nWashington State University, United States  \n*CORRESPONDENCE  \nTong Liu  \n [liutong1226@email.sdu.edu.cn](liutong1226@email.sdu.edu.cn)  \n†These authors have contributed equally to this work  \nRECEIVED 06 December 2024  \nACCEPTED 18 April 2025  \nPUBLISHED 13 May 2025  \nCITATION  \nLiu J, Gao S, Liu X, Dong J, Zhen D and Liu T (2025) Exosomes: their role and therapeutic potential in overcoming drug resistance of gastrointestinal cancers.  \nFront. Oncol. 15:1540643 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1540643  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2025 Liu, Gao, Liu, Dong, Zhen and Liu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nExosomes: their role and therapeutic potential in overcoming drug resistance of gastrointestinal cancers  \nJiulian Liu 1†, Shanyu Gao 2†, Xiaoming Liu 3, Jiaxin Dong 4, Dingwei Zhen 5 and Tong Liu 6,7*  \n1 Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China, 2 Department of Anorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China, 3 Department of Health Care, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China, 4College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China, 5 First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China, 6 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China, 7 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan, China  \nGastrointestinal cancers are prevalent malignant neoplasms in clinical medicine. The development of drug resistance in gastrointestinal cancers result in tumor recurrence and metastasis and greatly diminish the efficacy of treatment. Exosomes, as the shuttle of intercellular molecular cargoes in tumor microenvironment, secreted from tumor and stromal cells mediate drug resistance by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition, drug efflux, stem-like phenotype and cell metabolism. Meanwhile, exosomes have already received tremendous attention in biomedical study as potential drug resistant biomarkers as well as treatment strategy in gastrointestinal cancers. Primary challenge to implement this potential is the ability to obtain high-grade exosomes efficiently; however, exosomes lack standard protocols for their processing and characterization. Furthermore, this field suffers from insufficient standardized reference materials and workflow for purification, detection and analysis of exosomes with defined biological properties. This review summarize the unique biogenesis, composition and novel detection methods of exosomes and informed the underlying correlation between exosomes and drug resistance of gastrointestinal cancers. Moreover, the clinical applications of exosomes are also summarized, might providing novel therapy for the individual treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.  \nKEYWORDS  \nexosomes, gastrointestinal cancer, drug resistance, biological function, clinical application  \nFrontiers in Oncology 01 [frontiersin.org](frontiersin.org)  \n1 Introduction  \nGastrointestinal (GI) cancers, mainly including esophageal cancer (EC), gastric cancer (GC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), pancreatic cancer (","cbCaiom8aQ0PZwkR","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiom8aQ0PZwkR","pdf",2734577,21,"English","# Introduction\n## Drug resistance in gastrointestinal cancers\n## Exosomes in the tumor microenvironment\n# Exosomes and mechanisms of drug resistance\n## EMT regulation, drug efflux, stem-like phenotype, metabolism\n# Exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutic strategies\n## Challenges in isolation, characterization, and standardization\n# Clinical applications and outlook","[{\"question\":\"Why is drug resistance a major problem in gastrointestinal cancers?\",\"answer\":\"Drug resistance reduces the effectiveness of chemotherapy and contributes to poor prognosis, including tumor recurrence and metastasis.\"},{\"question\":\"How do exosomes contribute to drug resistance in the tumor microenvironment?\",\"answer\":\"Exosomes regulate multiple resistance-related processes, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, drug efflux, stem-like phenotype, and cancer cell metabolism.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the key obstacles to using exosomes as biomarkers or therapies?\",\"answer\":\"The field faces difficulties obtaining high-grade exosomes and lacks standard protocols for processing and characterization, as well as insufficient standardized reference materials and workflows.\"}]","Exosomes: their role and therapeutic potential in overcoming drug resistance of gastrointestinal cancers | PDF",1790192224,53]