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Endogenous vesicles can transport lipids, proteins, DNA and RNA and carry bioactive components that regulate cellular activities and information transfer in gastric cancer. The review explores exosome composition, formation, and release mechanisms, then summarizes their roles in the tumor microenvironment, including immune and nonimmune cell populations. It concludes with current research status, challenges, and implications for progression, diagnosis, and exosome-based therapies to support future therapeutic directions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exosome-as-a-crucial-communicator-between-tumor-microenvironment-and-gastric-cancer-review/330049/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/exosome-as-a-crucial-communicator-between-tumor-microenvironment-and-gastric-cancer-review/330049.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Logic","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What are exosomes and what makes them important in gastric cancer?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles that originate from various cells and contain lipids, proteins, DNA, and RNA. They act as carriers that regulate information transfer and cellular activities within gastric cancer contexts, particularly across the tumor microenvironment.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the review structure its discussion of exosomes?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The review first examines exosome composition, formation, and release mechanisms. It then reviews their roles in the tumor microenvironment, considering both immune and nonimmune cell populations, and finally summarizes research status, challenges, and implications for progression, diagnosis, and therapy.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What are the key research directions and challenges highlighted for exosome-based gastric cancer studies?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The document summarizes current status and challenges related to exosome-based approaches for gastric cancer progression, early diagnosis, and therapeutic methods. It emphasizes that understanding initiation and progression mechanisms and identifying additional biomarkers are crucial for advancing exosome-based treatments.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},330049,1790044995,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},1099513958762,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1000023916a998db790?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1784791008015729253","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 64: 28, 2024  \nExosome as a crucial communicator between tumor microenvironment and gastric cancer (Review)  \nMENGHUI WANG 1,2* , HONGXIN SHU 1* , XIFU CHENG3 , HONG XIAO4 , ZHENHUA JIN 1 , NAN YAO4 , SHENGXUN MAO 1 and ZHEN ZONG 1  \n1Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University; 2HuanKui Academy; 3School of Ophthalmology and Optometry; 4Queen Marry College, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China  \nReceived October 18, 2023; Accepted January 3, 2024  \nDOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5616  \nAbstract. Gastric cancer is one of the most common malig‑ nancies and has relatively high morbidity and mortality rates. Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles that originate from a diverse array of cells and may be found throughout various bodily fluids. These vesicles are endogenous nanocar‑ riers in their natural state with the unique ability to transport lipids, proteins, DNA and RNA. Exosomes contain DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids and other bioactive components that have crucial roles in the transmission of information and regulation of cell activities in gastric cancer. This paper begins with an exploration of the composition, formation and release mechanisms of exosomes. Subsequently, the role of exosomesin the tumor microenvironment is reviewed in terms of the immune cell population, nonimmune cell population and other factors . Finally, the current status and challenges of exosome‑based research on the progression, diagnosis and therapeutic methods of gastric cancer are summarized. This holistic review offers insight that may guide future research directions for exosomes and potentially pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions in the management of gastric cancer.  \nContents  \n1. Introduction  \n2. Composition, formation and release of exosomes  \nCorrespondence to: Dr Zhen Zong or Dr Shengxun Mao, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 1 MinDe Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China  \nE‑[mail: ndefy16133@ncu.edu.cn](mail: ndefy16133@ncu.edu.cn)  \nE‑[mail: maoshengxun@126.com](mail: maoshengxun@126.com)  \n*Contributed equally  \nKey words: exosome, communicator, tumor microenvironment, immunotherapy, gastric cancer  \n3. Role of exosomes in the TME  \n4. Progression, diagnosis and therapeutic methods for gastric cancer treatment based on exosomes  \n5. Conclusions  \n1. Introduction  \nGastric cancer poses a significant threat to human health and well‑being and results in extensive mortality worldwide (1) . Characterized by its malignant properties, gastric cancer is the fifth most common malignancy and fourth leading cause of cancer‑related death globally (2) . Prevalence rates of gastric cancer are higher in East Asian and Eastern European countries compared to North American and Northern European regions, which is possibly due to variations in dietary patterns and life‑ style choices among local populations (3,4) . The primary risk factor associated with gastric cancer is Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, which is widely recognized as the main causative agent (5) . H. pylori infection may accelerate the progression of intestinal metaplasia in the stomach and results in gastric inflammation, and eventually, the development of gastric cancer (6). However, other environmental factors, such as tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and high consump‑ tion of grilled foods, may increase the risk of developing this disease (7) . Given the seriousness of this clinical condition, additional research into the aetiology and pathogenesis of gastric cancer is urgently needed. Furthermore, efforts must be made to develop appropriate diagnostic approaches and therapeutic measures to combat this condition.  \nExosomes, which were discovered in sheep reticulocytes by Trams et al (8) in the previous century, have demonstr","cbCaimiI55nNtpP8","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimiI55nNtpP8","pdf",1756255,"English","# Introduction\n# Composition, formation and release of exosomes\n# Role of exosomes in the TME\n# Progression, diagnosis and therapeutic methods for gastric cancer treatment based on exosomes\n# Conclusions","[{\"question\":\"What are exosomes and what makes them important in gastric cancer?\",\"answer\":\"Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles that originate from various cells and contain lipids, proteins, DNA, and RNA. They act as carriers that regulate information transfer and cellular activities within gastric cancer contexts, particularly across the tumor microenvironment.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the review structure its discussion of exosomes?\",\"answer\":\"The review first examines exosome composition, formation, and release mechanisms. It then reviews their roles in the tumor microenvironment, considering both immune and nonimmune cell populations, and finally summarizes research status, challenges, and implications for progression, diagnosis, and therapy.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the key research directions and challenges highlighted for exosome-based gastric cancer studies?\",\"answer\":\"The document summarizes current status and challenges related to exosome-based approaches for gastric cancer progression, early diagnosis, and therapeutic methods. It emphasizes that understanding initiation and progression mechanisms and identifying additional biomarkers are crucial for advancing exosome-based treatments.\"}]","Exosome as a crucial communicator between tumor microenvironment and gastric cancer - Review | PDF",1789986744,25]