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The review explains epidemiological features, pathological mechanisms, and developments in diagnostic approaches, then details how exercise affects GDM biology and compares curative outcomes across exercise forms. It further analyzes prescription design, clinical trial evidence, and safety assessment, while integrating monitoring technologies, digital health tools, and personalized program development. Controversies, contraindications, adherence challenges, and long-term efficacy evaluation are also addressed, alongside future multidisciplinary research directions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exercise-therapy-for-gestational-diabetes-mellitus-from-basic-to-clinical-review/418690/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/exercise-therapy-for-gestational-diabetes-mellitus-from-basic-to-clinical-review/418690.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aria Callaghan","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-07","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What does the review cover about the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It describes epidemiological characteristics, pathological mechanisms, and advances in diagnostic techniques, focusing on mechanisms such as insulin resistance and impaired β-cell compensation.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How is the biological basis of exercise therapy explained in the review?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It discusses how exercise influences the pathophysiology of GDM, including relevant biological mechanisms and comparisons among different exercise modalities.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What clinical and technological aspects of exercise therapy are analyzed?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The review examines how exercise prescriptions are formulated, evaluates clinical trial evidence and safety, and introduces monitoring technologies, digital health tools, and personalized exercise programs.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},418690,1790695234,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},962084926284,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","OPEN ACCESS  \nEDITED BY  \nHala Zakaria,  \nGlucare Integrated Diabetes Center, United Arab Emirates  \nREVIEWED BY  \nAndrea Sonaglioni, IRCCS MultiMedica, Italy Juman Ali,  \nGlucare Integrated Diabetes Center, United Arab Emirates  \n*CORRESPONDENCE  \nLi Li  \n [lily1888@126.com](lily1888@126.com)[ ](lily1888@126.com)Lin Zhang  \n [zhanglinbjfcyy@ccmu.edu.cn](zhanglinbjfcyy@ccmu.edu.cn)[ ](zhanglinbjfcyy@ccmu.edu.cn)RECEIVED 01 October 2025 REVISED 28 November 2025 ACCEPTED 04 December 2025 PUBLISHED 19 December 2025  \nCITATION  \nNiu X, Wang K, Li L and Zhang L (2025) Exercise therapy for gestational diabetes mellitus: from basic to clinical.  \nFront. Med. 12:1716883 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1716883  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2025 Niu, Wang, Li and Zhang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nTYPE Review  \nPUBLISHED 19 December 2025 DOI 10.3389/fmed.2025.1716883  \nExercise therapy for gestational diabetes mellitus: from basic to clinical  \nXiaying Niu 1, Kaiwen Wang 1, Li Li 2* and Lin Zhang 1*  \n1Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, 2Department of Hospital Administration Office, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China  \nThis article reviews exercise therapy for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) . First, the pathophysiological basis of GDM was described, including epidemiological characteristics, pathological mechanisms, and progress in diagnostic techniques. The basic theory of exercise therapy is discussed, including the effect of exercise on the pathophysiology of GDM, the biological mechanism, and the comparison of the curative effect of different forms of exercise. This was followed by an indepth analysis of clinical exercise therapy practices including exercise prescription formulation, clinical trial analysis, and safety assessment. Simultaneously, the technical progress of exercise therapy is introduced, including the application of exercise monitoring technology and digital health tools, as well as the development and application of personalized exercise therapy programs. In addition, the controversies and challenges of exercise therapy, such as indications and contraindications, compliance issues, and long-term efficacy evaluations, are discussed. Finally, the research trend, the potential of innovative exercise therapy, and the prospect of multidisciplinary cooperation are discussed to provide a comprehensive and indepth theoretical and practical reference for exercise therapy for GDM.  \nKEYWORDS  \naerobic exercise, exercise, gestational diabetes mellitus, glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, strength training  \nIntroduction  \nGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a glucose intolerance disease that first appears during pregnancy and seriously affects the health of mothers and infants. Although its global prevalence varies widely due to differences in diagnostic criteria, population characteristics, and lifestyle factors, most regions report a substantial and increasing disease burden ( 1) . Established maternal risk factors include older age, elevated pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), a family history of diabetes, previous GDM, and excessive gestational weight gain (2–4) .  \nThe pathophysiology of GDM is multifactorial. Insulin resistance—exacerbated by placental hormones such as human placental lactogen, estrogen, and progesterone—and inadequate β-cell compensation represent central mechan","cbCaijWqFOaT7Zbw","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijWqFOaT7Zbw","pdf",1464048,13,"English","# Introduction\n## Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)\n# Epidemiological study of gestational diabetes mellitus\n## Global prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus","[{\"question\":\"What does the review cover about the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus?\",\"answer\":\"It describes epidemiological characteristics, pathological mechanisms, and advances in diagnostic techniques, focusing on mechanisms such as insulin resistance and impaired β-cell compensation.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the biological basis of exercise therapy explained in the review?\",\"answer\":\"It discusses how exercise influences the pathophysiology of GDM, including relevant biological mechanisms and comparisons among different exercise modalities.\"},{\"question\":\"What clinical and technological aspects of exercise therapy are analyzed?\",\"answer\":\"The review examines how exercise prescriptions are formulated, evaluates clinical trial evidence and safety, and introduces monitoring technologies, digital health tools, and personalized exercise programs.\"}]","Exercise therapy for gestational diabetes mellitus - from basic to clinical - Review | PDF",1790613962,33]