[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-440734-105":59,"doc-detail-440734-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","exercise-maintains-leap2-levels-after-weight-loss-in-females-with-obesity-research-findings","Exercise maintains LEAP2 levels after weight loss in females with obesity - Research findings","","Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) is an anorexigenic hormone whose levels decline long term after diet-induced weight loss, potentially supporting weight regain. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial assessed whether exercise, liraglutide (GLP-1 receptor agonist), or their combination prevents the post-diet LEAP2 decrease over 1 year of weight-loss maintenance. LEAP2 was measured fasting and after a 600 kcal 3-hour meal, revealing sex-specific trajectories, with females in the exercise group maintaining higher fasting and postprandial levels.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exercise-maintains-leap2-levels-after-weight-loss-in-females-with-obesity-research-findings/440734/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/exercise-maintains-leap2-levels-after-weight-loss-in-females-with-obesity-research-findings/440734.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jiven","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-07","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the main question of the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Whether exercise, liraglutide, or their combination can prevent the post-diet decrease in LEAP2 during 1 year of weight-loss maintenance.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were LEAP2 levels measured?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"LEAP2 plasma levels were measured in the fasting state and during 3-hour standard liquid meal tests providing 600 kcal.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What sex-specific pattern did the study observe?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"In males, fasting LEAP2 decreased during the low-calorie diet, while in females the decrease was delayed in placebo, liraglutide, and combination groups; notably, females in the exercise group maintained higher fasting and postprandial LEAP2 levels.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},440734,1790780092,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":41,"preview_page_count":4},1099513958607,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002390cf8733938c?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1778829742770036399","iScience Article  \nExercise maintains LEAP2 levels after weight loss in females with obesity  \nHighlights  \n• Exercise maintains fasting and postprandial LEAP2 in females after weight loss  \n• Sex differences in LEAP2 trajectories were observed and warrant confirmation  \nAuthors  \nJoachim Holt, Stephanie K. Holm, Rasmus M. Sandsdal,   , Bolette Hartmann, Sarah Byberg, Signe S. Torekov  \nCorrespondence  \n[sarah.byberg@sund.ku.dk](sarah.byberg@sund.ku.dk) (S.B.),  \n[torekov@sund.ku.dk](torekov@sund.ku.dk) (S.S.T.)  \nIn brief  \nObesity medicine; Kinesiology  \nHolt et al., 2026, iScience 29, 114288  \nJanuary 16, 2026 © 2025 The Author(s) . Published by Elsevier Inc.  \n[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2025.114288](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2025.114288)  \nll  \niScience  \nll  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nArticle  \nExercise maintains LEAP2 levels after weight loss in females with obesity  \nJoachim Holt,1 Stephanie K. Holm,1,2 Rasmus M. Sandsdal,1 Simon B. K. Jensen,1 Christian R. Juhl,1 Mikkel H. Noer,1 Yasmin Afshar-Bahadori,1 Martin B. Blond,3 Thomas A. Gerds,4 Bente M. Stallknecht,1 Sten Madsbad,5,6 Jens J. Holst,1,2 Birgitte Holst,1 Bolette Hartmann,1 Sarah Byberg,1,7,8,* and Signe S. Torekov1,7,*  \n1Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark  \n2NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark  \n3Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark  \n4Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark  \n5Department of Clinical Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark  \n6Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark  \n7These authors contributed equally  \n8Lead contact  \n*Correspondence: [sarah.byberg@sund.ku.dk](sarah.byberg@sund.ku.dk) (S. B.), [torekov@sund.ku.dk](torekov@sund.ku.dk) (S.S.T.) [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2025.114288](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2025.114288)  \nSUMMARY  \nLiver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) is an anorexigenic hormone, but its long-term decrease after diet-induced weight loss may promote weight regain. This study examined whether exercise, glucagonlike peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) (liraglutide), or their combination prevents the post-diet decrease in LEAP2 during 1 year of weight-loss maintenance. LEAP2 plasma levels were measured in the fasting state and during 3-h standard liquid meal tests (600 kcal) in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.  \n128 adults with obesity were included (BMI: 36.9 ± 2.9 kg/m2), 79 females and 49 males. Sex differences were evident at data inspection. In males, fasting LEAP2 decreased during the low-calorie diet (LCD) (p \u003C 0.001), while in females, there was a delayed decrease after 1 year in the placebo, liraglutide, and combination groups (p \u003C 0.001 to 0.033) . Interestingly, in females in the exercise group, fasting and postprandial LEAP2 levels remained high. These findings raise the possibility that exercise might preserve LEAP2 levels after weight loss in females, supporting weight-loss maintenance.  \nINTRODUCTION  \nOne billion people live with obesity worldwide.1 While shortterm weight loss can be achieved through caloric restriction, excess body weight is typically regained within 5 years.2 This relapse is largely driven by long-term increase in energy intake.3 Although the mechanisms are not fully understood, changes in circulating hormones regulating appetite and metabolism are thought to play a central role.4  \nThe hormone liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) is an inverse agonist at the constitutively active ghrelin receptor, a key mediator of hunger.5 ,6 Ghrelin decreases after meal intake, and both fasting and postprandial levels rise after diet-induced weight loss and remain increased for 2 years.7 ,8 Long-term exercise interventions do not impact fasting levels of active ghrelin.9 However","cbCaiuTvddTXqZua","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuTvddTXqZua","pdf",2482923,12,"English","# Highlights\n## Sex-specific LEAP2 trajectories after weight loss maintenance\n# Summary\n## Rationale and study design\n## Primary findings from fasting and meal tests\n# Introduction\n## Background on obesity relapse and appetite hormones\n## LEAP2 and related appetite-regulating pathways","[{\"question\":\"What was the main question of the study?\",\"answer\":\"Whether exercise, liraglutide, or their combination can prevent the post-diet decrease in LEAP2 during 1 year of weight-loss maintenance.\"},{\"question\":\"How were LEAP2 levels measured?\",\"answer\":\"LEAP2 plasma levels were measured in the fasting state and during 3-hour standard liquid meal tests providing 600 kcal.\"},{\"question\":\"What sex-specific pattern did the study observe?\",\"answer\":\"In males, fasting LEAP2 decreased during the low-calorie diet, while in females the decrease was delayed in placebo, liraglutide, and combination groups; notably, females in the exercise group maintained higher fasting and postprandial LEAP2 levels.\"}]","Exercise maintains LEAP2 levels after weight loss in females with obesity - Research findings | PDF",1790693110]