[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-458526-105":59,"doc-detail-458526-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","exercise-as-a-promising-non-pharmacological-intervention-for-adhd","Exercise as a Promising Non-Pharmacological Intervention for ADHD","","Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder remains a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity extending into adulthood. The editorial emphasizes limits of stimulant-first pharmacological care and highlights exercise as a promising non-pharmacological alternative, supported by evidence for benefits on cognitive and behavioral manifestations. Mechanistically, exercise modulates catecholaminergic dopamine and noradrenaline systems, increases serotonin availability and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and supports plasticity. Neuroimaging and trial findings suggest structural reorganization and functional optimization in ADHD-relevant regions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exercise-as-a-promising-non-pharmacological-intervention-for-adhd/458526/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/exercise-as-a-promising-non-pharmacological-intervention-for-adhd/458526.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Adam","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-07","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why does the editorial argue for complementary ADHD treatments beyond medication?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It points to growing limitations of stimulant medications, including variable patient response, troublesome side effects, and concerns about limited impact on physical health complications.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What neurobiological mechanisms are proposed for how exercise may affect ADHD?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The editorial suggests exercise fine-tunes catecholaminergic systems involving dopamine and noradrenaline, increases serotonin availability, and elevates brain-derived neurotrophic factor, promoting neuronal plasticity and cognitive strengthening.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which exercise approaches are highlighted as promising for cognitive or behavioral improvements?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The text discusses moderate-intensity aerobic exercise improving attention and inhibitory control in children, HIIT showing benefits for hyperactivity and mood, and yoga potentially enhancing delayed reward processing.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},458526,1790753593,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":19,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":52,"preview_page_count":4},1374404737137,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Rev. Neurol. 2025; 80(11): 48058 [https://doi.org/10.31083/RN48058](https://doi.org/10.31083/RN48058)  \nEditorial  \nExercise as a Promising Non-Pharmacological Intervention for ADHD  \nSergio Machado 1 ,2 ,3 , *, Flávia Paes2, João Lucas Lima 1  \n1 Center for Neuroscience, Neurodiversity Institute, Nova Iguaçu, RJ 26210-270, Brazil  \n2Panic and Respiration Laboratory (LABPR) -Institute of Psychiatry (IPUB), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-140, Brazil  \n3Virtual Reality in Mental Health Laboratory (RVSM) -Institute of Psychiatry (IPUB), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-140, Brazil  \n*Correspondence: [secm80@gmail.com](secm80@gmail.com) (Sergio Machado) Academic Editor: Angela Vidal-Jordana  \nSubmitted: 2 September 2025 Revised: 9 October 2025 Accepted: 14 November 2025 Published: 22 December 2025  \nEl Ejercicio como una Prometedora Intervención no Farmacológica para el TDAH  \nAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is one of psychiatry’s most complex neurodevelopmental challenges, marked by its characteristic triad of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that often extends well beyond childhood into adult life [1] . The psychiatric community continues to rely heavily on pharmacological approaches, with stimulant medications maintaining their first-line status, yet we must acknowledge their growing list of limitations. In our clinical experience, the variable patient response patterns, troublesome side effect profiles, and concerning lack of impact on physical health complications, collectively underscore an urgent need for complementary treatment paradigms [2,3] . Within this evolving therapeutic landscape, we have seen physical exercise emerging as a particularly promising non-pharmacological alternative. Our research group has accumulated evidence for its beneficial impacts on both the cognitive and behavioral manifestations of attention-deficit hiperativity disorder (ADHD) [4] .  \nTheneurobiological pathways through which exercise modulates ADHD symptoms are both fascinating and complex. Our analysis of the current literature reveals that both single exercise sessions and sustained exercise regimens appear to fine-tune catecholaminergic systems, with particular emphasis on dopamine and noradrenaline pathways that form the crux of ADHD’s pathophysiology [5] . The evidence we have compiled, drawing from both preclinical models and human trials, consistently indicates that physical exertion stimulates the release of these essential neurotransmitters while simultaneously increasing serotonin availability and brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentrations, thereby fostering neuronal plasticity and strengthening cognitive functions [6,7] . Our examination of advanced neuroimaging data further reinforces these observations, demonstrating that consistent exercise results in both structural reorganization and functional optimization within brain regions most commonly implicated in ADHD, especially the prefrontal cortex and hippocampal complex [8,9] .  \nSynthesizing these diverse investigative approaches, we hypothesize that exercise may effectively counter core ADHD deficits by accessing the same neural circuitry targeted by stimulant pharmacotherapy, albeit through the brain’s intrinsic regulatory systems rather than external chemical manipulation.  \nOur research team has been particularly intrigued by recent findings highlighting the rapid cognitive enhancements following discrete periods of exercise, especially within attention and inhibitory control parameters. In pediatric ADHD populations, we have documented how moderate-intensity aerobic activities, typically structured around 20–30 minutes of cycling or running, reliably boost performance on cognitive challenges including the Flanker and Stroop paradigms. These behavioral improvements frequently coincide with increased P300 amplitude in electrophysiological recordings, indicating more efficien","cbCaibkarDWWB4Yy","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibkarDWWB4Yy","pdf",197280,"English","# Editorial\n## ADHD and the need for complementary approaches\n## Neurobiological mechanisms of exercise\n## Acute cognitive effects and potential exercise modalities\n## Gaps in long-term evidence and study variability","[{\"question\":\"Why does the editorial argue for complementary ADHD treatments beyond medication?\",\"answer\":\"It points to growing limitations of stimulant medications, including variable patient response, troublesome side effects, and concerns about limited impact on physical health complications.\"},{\"question\":\"What neurobiological mechanisms are proposed for how exercise may affect ADHD?\",\"answer\":\"The editorial suggests exercise fine-tunes catecholaminergic systems involving dopamine and noradrenaline, increases serotonin availability, and elevates brain-derived neurotrophic factor, promoting neuronal plasticity and cognitive strengthening.\"},{\"question\":\"Which exercise approaches are highlighted as promising for cognitive or behavioral improvements?\",\"answer\":\"The text discusses moderate-intensity aerobic exercise improving attention and inhibitory control in children, HIIT showing benefits for hyperactivity and mood, and yoga potentially enhancing delayed reward processing.\"}]","Exercise as a Promising Non-Pharmacological Intervention for ADHD | PDF"]