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Based on focus groups and faculty interviews across multiple U.S. colleges, it highlights students’ ambivalent reliance on algorithm-driven platforms, defensive privacy practices, widespread skepticism, and limited classroom discussion of algorithms. The report proposes recommendations for educators, librarians, administrators, and journalists.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/executive-summary-information-literacy-in-the-age-of-algorithms-report-overview/586546/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/executive-summary-information-literacy-in-the-age-of-algorithms-report-overview/586546.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Angel","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What research question does this executive summary address?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It explores how much U.S. college-age students know about how internet giants’ platforms and algorithms work, and how those systems influence society.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What are the four main research takeaways presented in the report?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The report highlights students’ ambivalent bond with algorithm-driven platforms, their defensive privacy practices, pervasive distrust and skepticism, and the fact that algorithm discussions rarely reach classrooms.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Who are the recommended key stakeholders, and what is the general direction of the recommendations?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Educators, librarians, administrators, and journalists are urged to strengthen “algorithm literacy” through peer learning, interdisciplinary and integrated instruction, and broader, more transparent coverage of algorithms.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},586546,1792865652,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":81,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":39,"preview_page_count":4},687207412472,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","ProJect information literacy JanUary 15, 2020  \ninformation literacy in the age of algorithms  \nStudent experiences with news and information, and the need for change  \nexecUtive sUmmary  \nAlison J. Head, Ph. D.  \nBarbara Fister Margy MacMillan  \nExecutive Summary: Information Literacy in the Age of Algorithms  \nThis report is the result of a national research effort exploring how much [U.S. college-age](U.S. college-age) students know about the way in which internet giants like Google, YouTube, Instagram, and Facebook work, and by extension, how they affect society. Amidst the daily flood of digital news, memes, opinion, advertising, and propaganda, there is growing concern about how these popular platforms, and the algorithms they employ, influence our lives, deepen social divisions, and foment polarization, extremism, and distrust. This work builds on a decade of research from Project Information Literacy surveying the information habits of college students in an increasingly digital world. It examines how students conceptualize and navigate a volatile and ever-changing information landscape, and proposes programmatic ways to prepare them to contend with this new reality. In this yearlong investigation, supported by the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, The Harvard Graduate School of Education, and the School of Library and Information Science at the University of South Carolina, researchers conducted 16 focus groups with 103 undergraduates and interviews with 37 faculty members to collect qualitative data from eight U.S. colleges and universities from across the country.  \nThis self-described “pivot generation” born before the 24/7 connectivity of social media, has come of age aware, cautious, and curious about the implications of the current information landscape. Deeply skeptical, many of these students are conditioned to do research for themselves rather than deferring to experts or major news outlets. They understand that “free” platforms are convenient but also recognize they harvest massive amounts of personal data to target ads and influence what content they see. Most, though not all, know that data-driven platforms, if left unexamined and unchallenged, threaten representative democracy and the cultivation of informed and engaged communities. Together, these findings reveal a growing global epistemological crisis. As many students assert their authority as learners and first-time voters, educational and media organizations need to do more to teach “algorithm literacy” within and beyond formal education. Ultimately, journalists and media organizations need to check the unchecked power of algorithms and the social problems they expose and exacerbate for students, faculty, and society.  \nFour detailed research takeaways are presented in this report, supporting four recommendations to key stakeholders: educators, librarians, administrators, and journalists at a time when algorithmic literacy is more important than ever. To explore the implications of this study’s findings, a small group of prominent thinkers in education, libraries, computer science, and media studies, convened to discuss the implications of this study’s findings, have contributed brief reflections.  \nFour Research Takeaways  \n1. College students have an ambivalent bond with algorithm-driven platforms. Today’s students are aware of the workings of algorithms that track their interactions and often seem “creepy,” but feel a simultaneous indignation and resignation to the powers of an unregulated media environment. As one student astutely put it,“It's a horrible, totalitarian hellscape, but it's kind of the best we can reasonably expect.”  \n2. Students use defensive practices to protect their privacy. Many learned privacy protection strategies from their peers, not from their teachers, and read across different content producers to get the full story and break out of news bubbles. Yet, students were largely unaware of ways their own schools used pl","cbCaihE33jAk5kOl","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihE33jAk5kOl","pdf",1218711,"English","# Executive Summary\n## Research approach and scope\n## Student experiences and concerns\n## Four research takeaways\n## Recommendations for stakeholders","[{\"question\":\"What research question does this executive summary address?\",\"answer\":\"It explores how much U.S. college-age students know about how internet giants’ platforms and algorithms work, and how those systems influence society.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the four main research takeaways presented in the report?\",\"answer\":\"The report highlights students’ ambivalent bond with algorithm-driven platforms, their defensive privacy practices, pervasive distrust and skepticism, and the fact that algorithm discussions rarely reach classrooms.\"},{\"question\":\"Who are the recommended key stakeholders, and what is the general direction of the recommendations?\",\"answer\":\"Educators, librarians, administrators, and journalists are urged to strengthen “algorithm literacy” through peer learning, interdisciplinary and integrated instruction, and broader, more transparent coverage of algorithms.\"}]","Executive Summary: Information Literacy in the Age of Algorithms - Report overview | PDF",1792058296]