[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-642709-105":59,"doc-detail-642709-en":129},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":122,"head_meta":124,"extra_data":126,"updated_unix":128},105,"en","executive-functions-foundational-skills-for-learning-and-for-life","Executive Functions - Foundational Skills for Learning and for Life","","This document explores the concept of executive functions as critical, brain-based skills necessary for lifelong learning and personal development. Authored by Professor Sara Baker from the University of Cambridge, the text defines these cognitive processes, which are anchored in the prefrontal cortex, and examines their role in organizing, planning, decision-making, and impulse control. Through the historical case study of Phineas Gage, the document illustrates how prefrontal cortex challenges affect behavior and learning outcomes. It specifically breaks down three core executive functions: inhibition, shifting, and working memory, providing theoretical foundations for understanding how these building blocks can be supported and developed in learners. The material serves as an educational resource for educators and practitioners interested in the cognitive mechanisms that underpin human learning, behavioral regulation, and individual development profiles in diverse educational settings.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/executive-functions-foundational-skills-for-learning-and-for-life/642709/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/executive-functions-foundational-skills-for-learning-and-for-life/642709.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Rowan","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What are the three core basic executive functions identified in the document?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"The three identified core functions are inhibition, shifting, and working memory.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"What is the primary function of the prefrontal cortex?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"The prefrontal cortex plays a vital role in organizing, planning, decision-making, and impulse control, while also adjusting behavior based on consequences.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"How does the Phineas Gage case illustrate executive function impairment?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"The Phineas Gage case demonstrates how damage to the prefrontal cortex can result in difficulties with context-appropriate behavior and impulse control, even when speech, movement, and general intelligence remain intact.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},642709,1792722613,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":143},1099514067415,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002539d78ffe74a7?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779092875211072502","Executive functions:  \nFoundational skills for learning and for life  \nProfessor Sara Baker  \nFaculty of Education, University of Cambridge  \nPEDAL Research Centre  \n[https://www.cambridgeint](https://www.cambridgeint)[ernational.org/Images/417](ernational.org/Images/417)[ ](ernational.org/Images/417)[069-developing-the-](069-developing-the-)[cambridge-learner-](cambridge-learner-)[attributes-guide.pdf](attributes-guide.pdf)  \nConfident  \nResponsible  \nReflective  \nInnovative  \nEngaged  \nExecutive functions: Foundational skills for learning and for life  \nPart 1  \nWhat are executive functions?  \nPart 2  \nHow can we support our learners to develop them?  \nExecutive functions are…  \nBRAIN-BASED SKILLS  \nUNIQUE INDIVIDUAL PROFILES  \nBUILDING BLOCKS FOR LIFELONG LEARNING  \nThe famous Phineas Gage case  \nIn 1848 Phineas Gage, a 25-year-old American  \nrailroad construction worker had an accident  \nGage was left with speech, movement, intelligence But… difficulties with context-appropriate behaviour  \nExecutive functions: Prefrontal cortex  \nPrefrontal cortex  \n– plays a role in organizing and planning, decision making, impulse control  \n– adjusts behavior in response to rewards and punishments  \nPrefrontal challenges  \n– impair the ability to learn from consequences & decreases the ability to control impulses  \n– often found in neurodivergence  \nBasic Executive Functions  \nInhibition  \nShifting  \nWorking Memory  \nWorking Memory  \nHolding information in mind and working with it Helps to identify connections and patterns Limited capacity  \nWorking Memory Example  \n8 1 3 7 2","cbCaiteqcCyK2C2i","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiteqcCyK2C2i","pdf",4243439,52,"English","# What are executive functions?\n## Defining Executive Functions\n## The Role of the Prefrontal Cortex\n## Core Executive Function Components\n# Supporting Learner Development\n## Inhibition\n## Shifting\n## Working Memory","[{\"question\":\"What are the three core basic executive functions identified in the document?\",\"answer\":\"The three identified core functions are inhibition, shifting, and working memory.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the primary function of the prefrontal cortex?\",\"answer\":\"The prefrontal cortex plays a vital role in organizing, planning, decision-making, and impulse control, while also adjusting behavior based on consequences.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the Phineas Gage case illustrate executive function impairment?\",\"answer\":\"The Phineas Gage case demonstrates how damage to the prefrontal cortex can result in difficulties with context-appropriate behavior and impulse control, even when speech, movement, and general intelligence remain intact.\"}]","Executive Functions - Foundational Skills for Learning and for Life | PDF",131]