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It finds teacher turnover is not uniform in rural areas and that novice teachers in sparsely populated states are more likely to leave in rural schools than in urban-suburban schools within similar sparsity. The study links teacher and school characteristics to turnover across distinct rural contexts, supporting targeted efforts to study attrition beyond urban-suburban comparisons.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/examining-the-teacher-labor-market-in-different-rural-contexts-variations-by-urbanicity-and-rural-states-article/590962/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/examining-the-teacher-labor-market-in-different-rural-contexts-variations-by-urbanicity-and-rural-states-article/590962.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Stanford","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What data and approach does the study use to examine rural teacher labor markets?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study uses four waves of the Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS) and repeated cross-sectional nationally representative data to compare turnover across rural contexts.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does teacher attrition vary across rural settings?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Teacher attrition is not uniform across rural contexts; novice teachers in rural schools in sparsely populated states show higher turnover risk than novice teachers in urban-suburban schools under similar sparsity.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which factors does the study connect to teacher turnover in rural contexts?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The study examines how teacher and school characteristics are associated with turnover across different rural contexts, defined by urbanicity and population sparsity.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},590962,1792161338,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":26,"preview_page_count":4},2336477552062,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","AERA Open  \nOctober-December 2020, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 1–24 DOI: 10. 1177/2332858420966336  \nArticle reuse guidelines: [sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)© The Author(s) 2020. [http://journals.sagepub.com/home/ero](http://journals.sagepub.com/home/ero)  \nExamining the Teacher Labor Market in Different Rural Contexts: Variations by Urbanicity and Rural States  \nTuan D. Nguyen  \nKansas State University  \nUsing repeated cross-sectional nationally representative data, we demonstrate how the teacher labor markets for rural contexts are different from those in urban-suburban areas. We also show that teacher attrition is not uniform across various rural settings. In particular, novice teachers in rural schools in sparsely populated states are more likely to turn over than novice teachers in urban-suburban schools in sparsely populated states. We also examine how teacher and school characteristics are associated with turnover in different rural contexts. The findings indicate there should be a concerted effort to examine teacher attrition in various rural contexts and not simply as delineation from urban-suburban areas.  \nKeywords: teacher attrition, teacher turnover, rural education, rurality  \nConsiderable evidence has shown teachers are the most influential school factor in student achievement (Aaronsonet al., 2007; Chetty et al., 2014; Kane & Staiger, 2008) . Schools and districts have spent substantial amounts of time and resources to staff classrooms with qualified teachers (Hanushek et al., 2004; Loeb et al., 2012). Yet keeping quality teachers in the classroom has been, and continues to be, a challenge (Sutcher et al., 2016) . High levels of teacher turnover can be costly to students because turnover is negatively associated with student achievement (Henry & Redding, 2018; Ronfeldt et al., 2013) . There is general agreement among scholars and policymakers that more work needs tobe done to shift the uneven distribution of quantity and quality of teachers, particularly for disadvantaged students and communities (Guarino et al., 2006; Ingersoll, 2001; Lankford et al., 2002). For instance, schools and districts have had difficulty with the retention of qualified teachers in some states with large rural areas such as Kansas, Nevada, and Oklahoma (Bihasa, 2018; Carver-Thomas & Darling-Hammond, 2017; Lazarte-Alcala & Miller, 2018; Sisk, 2015) . This is partly due to the dwindling supply of teachers in rural areas (McClure & Reeves, 2004), the movement of teachers from rural to urban areas (Boyd et al., 2005), and the challenges specific to rural school context such as lower salary, isolation, limited access to professional development, and the need for teachers to teach many more subjects (Lazarevet al., 2017) . For instance, rural schools in Virginia and Kentucky face teacher shortages and high turnover due to lower salary, geographical isolation, and lack of amenities compared with more urbanized districts (Cowen et al., 2012; Lochmiller et al., 2016; Proffit et al., 2004) . Similarly, teachers in rural Oklahoma and Kansas have consistently received  \nlower salary, fewer resources, and limited professional development opportunities, which contribute to lower retention of teachers (Kansas Department of Education, 2016; Lazarev et al., 2017) . Since teachers are the most important factor to student learning and teacher turnover is often more burdensome to rural communities, it is important to examine how teacher attrition varies by different rural contexts, which rural teachers are most at risk of turning over, and what factors are associated with teacher turnover. A better understanding of these factors may allow researchers and policymakers to identify and implement solutions to retain teachers in rural schools.  \nMore specifically, leveraging four waves of the Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS), this study examines the extent to which teachers turn over at differ","cbCait83GJWDZNOo","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCait83GJWDZNOo","pdf",531055,24,"English","# Teacher labor markets and rural context differences\n## Variation in teacher attrition and novice teacher turnover\n## Associations with teacher and school characteristics","[{\"question\":\"What data and approach does the study use to examine rural teacher labor markets?\",\"answer\":\"The study uses four waves of the Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS) and repeated cross-sectional nationally representative data to compare turnover across rural contexts.\"},{\"question\":\"How does teacher attrition vary across rural settings?\",\"answer\":\"Teacher attrition is not uniform across rural contexts; novice teachers in rural schools in sparsely populated states show higher turnover risk than novice teachers in urban-suburban schools under similar sparsity.\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors does the study connect to teacher turnover in rural contexts?\",\"answer\":\"The study examines how teacher and school characteristics are associated with turnover across different rural contexts, defined by urbanicity and population sparsity.\"}]","Examining the Teacher Labor Market in Different Rural Contexts: Variations by Urbanicity and Rural States - Article | PDF",1792070820]