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It outlines key mechanisms via income, wealth, health, and the justice system, and identifies education-specific indicators for measuring freedom and equity outcomes. The work situates its analysis within a foundational research series used to shape a commission framework and policy agenda.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/examining-the-relationship-between-postsecondary-education-and-economic-freedom-and-justice-dutta-gupta/586712/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/examining-the-relationship-between-postsecondary-education-and-economic-freedom-and-justice-dutta-gupta/586712.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Angel","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How does postsecondary education affect economic freedom and justice?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The paper argues that education can advance economic justice by reducing socioeconomic disparities, thereby expanding individual economic freedom. If education maintains or expands disparities, it can undermine justice.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What dimensions does the paper use to connect freedom and justice to education?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It highlights income and wealth gaps, health, and the justice system, then introduces education-specific indicators to assess how education influences these outcomes.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why does the paper emphasize reducing disparities rather than shrinking gaps in a way that harms justice?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It notes that societies could shrink socioeconomic gaps without expanding freedom, but doing so would still undermine justice. It uses the example that closing the Black–White infant mortality gap should come from reducing Black infant mortality rather than increasing White infant mortality.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},586712,1792191280,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},687207412472,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP  \nBETWEEN POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION AND ECONOMIC FREEDOM AND JUSTICE  \nIndivar Dutta-Gupta  \nGeorgetown Center on Poverty and Inequality  \nTABLE OF CONTENTS  \nIntroduction  ................................................................ 2  \nThe Interplay Between Economic Freedom, Justice, & Education  ..................... 3  \nConceptualizing Economic Freedom  .............................................. 3  \nEqualizing Economic Freedom  ................................................... 4  \nEducation as Freedom  ......................................................... 4  \nIncreasing Freedom, Reducing Inequities through Postsecondary Education  ............ 5  \nIncome  ..................................................................... 6  \nWealth  ...................................................................... 7  \nHealth  ...................................................................... 8  \nJustice System  ............................................................... 8  \nEducation-Specific Indicators  ................................................... 9  \nConclusion  ................................................................ 10  \nEnd notes  .................................................................. 11  \nThis paper is one in a foundational research series for the Postsecondary Value Commission authored in summer 2019 by scholars with diverse backgrounds and expertise. The research presented in these papers applies an equity lens to the philosophical, measurement, and policy considerations and assumptions underlying key components of postsecondary value to students and society, including investment, economic and non-economic returns, mobility, and racial and socioeconomic justice.  \nThe Postsecondary Value Commission consulted this foundational research as it developed a conceptual definition of postsecondary value, a framework for measuring how institutions and programs create value and ensure equitable outcomes, and an action agenda with recommendations for applying the definition and framework to change policies and practices. Through this breadth of scholarship, the commission was better able to define the value of postsecondary education and the role institutions can play in creating a more equitable and fair United States.  \nFollowing the May 2021 release of the commission’s findings, these foundational papers were prepared for publication. The views and opinions expressed in these papers do not necessarily reflect the positions of individual members of the Postsecondary Value Commission or the organizations they represent.  \nThe Postsecondary Value Commission along with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Institute for Higher Education Policy are deeply grateful to the authors of this series. The authors’ extensive expertise and thoughtful engagement in this work provided the foundation for the commission to develop an informed, innovative, and equity-driven framework. They also thank Deborah Seymour for editing the written products and the team at GMMB for their creative design and layout.  \nSuggested citation: Dutta-Gupta, I. (2021) . Examining the Relationship Between Postsecondary Education and Economic Freedom and Justice. Postsecondary Value Commission.  \nINTRODUCTION  \nThe notion of individual freedom is valued by virtually all social, economic, and political belief systems. To be sure, how it is defined is heavily contested, it is never valued without limits (i.e. , it isnot an absolute value that trumps all other values), and it is less central to some moral and political philosophies than others. However it is defined, individual economic freedom is a core aspect of economic justice. By advancing individual economic freedom, education—including postsecondary education—can advance economic justice, insofar as it also reduces socioeconomic disparities (Figure 1) .  \nIf, instead, education—including postsecondary education—maintains or expands socioeco","cbCaiqSuUwIjP3qo","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqSuUwIjP3qo","pdf",3526750,14,"English","# Introduction\n## The Interplay Between Economic Freedom, Justice, & Education\n## Conceptualizing Economic Freedom\n## Equalizing Economic Freedom\n## Education as Freedom\n## Increasing Freedom, Reducing Inequities through Postsecondary Education\n## Income\n## Wealth\n## Health\n## Justice System\n## Education-Specific Indicators\n# Conclusion\n# End notes","[{\"question\":\"How does postsecondary education affect economic freedom and justice?\",\"answer\":\"The paper argues that education can advance economic justice by reducing socioeconomic disparities, thereby expanding individual economic freedom. If education maintains or expands disparities, it can undermine justice.\"},{\"question\":\"What dimensions does the paper use to connect freedom and justice to education?\",\"answer\":\"It highlights income and wealth gaps, health, and the justice system, then introduces education-specific indicators to assess how education influences these outcomes.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the paper emphasize reducing disparities rather than shrinking gaps in a way that harms justice?\",\"answer\":\"It notes that societies could shrink socioeconomic gaps without expanding freedom, but doing so would still undermine justice. It uses the example that closing the Black–White infant mortality gap should come from reducing Black infant mortality rather than increasing White infant mortality.\"}]","Examining the Relationship Between Postsecondary Education and Economic Freedom and Justice - Dutta-Gupta | PDF",1792059047,35]