[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-591073-105":59,"doc-detail-591073-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","examining-the-educational-and-employment-outcomes-of-reverse-credit-transfer","Examining the Educational and Employment Outcomes of Reverse Credit Transfer","","Reverse credit transfer (RCT) is an emerging policy that awards associate’s degrees to students who move from 2-year to 4-year colleges and then transfer credits back. Using Texas data, this study estimates how receiving an RCT associate’s degree affects university persistence and labor outcomes. Posttransfer recipients are more likely to persist and attain in universities, with larger effects for historically marginalized groups. Evidence for additional labor-market benefits is limited, and estimates may be influenced by self-selection and unobserved-variable bias.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/examining-the-educational-and-employment-outcomes-of-reverse-credit-transfer/591073/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/examining-the-educational-and-employment-outcomes-of-reverse-credit-transfer/591073.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"McQueen","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-07","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is reverse credit transfer (RCT) and what does it aim to do?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"RCT is a policy that allows students who transferred from a community college to a 4-year institution to send credits back from the 4-year school to earn an associate’s degree. Its goal is to award an associate’s degree based on progress after transfer.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What impact does RCT have on university outcomes according to the study?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Posttransfer associate’s degree recipients are significantly more likely to persist and attain in universities than eligible peers who did not receive the degree. The benefits are often larger for students from populations historically marginalized in higher education.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Does receiving an RCT associate’s degree improve labor outcomes?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The study finds limited evidence that these associate’s degrees, described as largely academic and transfer-oriented, provide additional benefits for labor outcomes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},591073,1792173193,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},5909890329169,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","AERA Open  \nJanuary-December 2021, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 1–15 DOI: 10. 1177/2332858421989998  \nArticle reuse guidelines: [sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)© The Author(s) 2021. [http://journals.sagepub.com/home/ero](http://journals.sagepub.com/home/ero)  \nExamining the Educational and Employment Outcomes of Reverse Credit Transfer  \nMatt S. Giani   \nThe University of Texas at Austin  \nJason L. Taylor   \nUniversity of Utah  \nSheena Kauppila   \nCoastal Carolina University  \nReverse credit transfer (RCT) is an emerging policy designed to award associate’s degrees to students who transfer from 2-year to 4-year colleges after transfer. The purpose of this study is to estimate the impact of RCT degree receipt on students’university and labor outcomes using data from Texas, where the legislature passed RCT policy in 2011. We find that posttransfer associate’s degree recipients are significantly more likely to persist and attain in universities compared to their peers who were eligible for RCT but did not receive the degree, and these benefits are often larger for students from populations historically marginalized from higher education. However, these estimates are suggestive given the potential of self-selection biasing the estimates upward, and the results are sensitive to moderate bias from unobserved variables. We find limited evidence of additional benefit of these associate’s degrees, which are largely academic and transfer-oriented degrees, on labor outcomes.  \nKeywords: colleges, community colleges, economics of education, educational policy, postsecondary education, quasiexperimental analysis, reverse credit transfer, reverse transfer, transfer  \nBackground  \nReverse credit transfer (RCT) policies are proliferating around the nation. RCT enables students who transferred from a community college to a 4-year institution to transfer back their credits from the 4-year institution to earn an associate’s degree. Research shows that many students transfer from a community college to a university without the associate’s degree (Hoachlander et al., 2003; McCormick & Carroll, 1997; Shapiro et al., 2013) and that many transfer students never make it across the bachelor’s degree finish line (Schudde & Brown, 2019) . Yet emerging research on RCT suggests that receiving an associate’s degree posttransfer may help boost students’ likelihood of completing a bachelor’s degree (Taylor & Giani, 2019) .  \nIn many respects, Texas has led the nation in RCT as the policy origin of RCT is often traced back to a 2006 partnership between El Paso Community College and the University of Texas at El Paso. RCT expanded significantly between 2012 and 2016 when 16 states were funded to develop and  \nscale RCT as part of the Credit When It’s Due (CWID) initiative (Taylor et al., 2017) . Texas was one of these states, and the CWID effort in Texas was led by a partnership between Lone Star Community College and The University of Texas at Austin. A total of 32 Texas colleges and universities partnered as part of Texas’CWID grant under the Texas Reverse Transfer Initiative.  \nDuring the past several years, there have been a number of RCT policy developments in Texas. In 2011, the Texas legislature passed House Bill 3025 (HB 3025), which directed higher education institutions to begin implementing RCT policies. This policy established a common policy framework for RCT in Texas, creating a common residency requirement of 30 credits 1 and a common eligibility requirement of 90 cumulative credits; in 2013, Senate Bill 498 lowered the cumulative credit requirement to 66 credits. Shortly thereafter, the ApplyTexas application was modified to include a consent option for transfer students so they could consent to have their university transcripts sent back to their community college for the purpose of RCT.  \nCreative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the C","cbCaifdXiV6BBvKL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifdXiV6BBvKL","pdf",692836,15,"English","# Background\n## Reverse Credit Transfer and University Outcomes","[{\"question\":\"What is reverse credit transfer (RCT) and what does it aim to do?\",\"answer\":\"RCT is a policy that allows students who transferred from a community college to a 4-year institution to send credits back from the 4-year school to earn an associate’s degree. Its goal is to award an associate’s degree based on progress after transfer.\"},{\"question\":\"What impact does RCT have on university outcomes according to the study?\",\"answer\":\"Posttransfer associate’s degree recipients are significantly more likely to persist and attain in universities than eligible peers who did not receive the degree. The benefits are often larger for students from populations historically marginalized in higher education.\"},{\"question\":\"Does receiving an RCT associate’s degree improve labor outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"The study finds limited evidence that these associate’s degrees, described as largely academic and transfer-oriented, provide additional benefits for labor outcomes.\"}]","Examining the Educational and Employment Outcomes of Reverse Credit Transfer | PDF",1792071063,38]