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Test takers increasingly complete standardized and classroom-based assessments online or with digital support, while educators gain experience moving from paper-based formats to computer-based delivery. This work examines how Vietnamese examiners perceive and evaluate English performance in a computer-supported speaking test. Qualitative focus-group data from six examiners clarifies their experiences with digital interfaces and examiner decision-making in online assessment. Findings highlight both opportunities and challenges, emphasizing examiner agency and reflective practice for assessment reliability.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/examiners-perceptions-of-a-computer-assisted-english-language-test-nguyen-thi-phuong-thao/460451/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/examiners-perceptions-of-a-computer-assisted-english-language-test-nguyen-thi-phuong-thao/460451.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"dhado","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the study focus on regarding computer-assisted language testing?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study investigates Vietnamese examiners’ perceptions of a specific computer-based English proficiency test, with particular attention to speaking. It analyzes how examiners experience evaluating performance in digital contexts.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were the examiners’ perceptions collected?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Qualitative data were gathered through focus-group discussions with six examiners. The discussions provided insights into examiners’ experiences and views on the test.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why are examiner perceptions important in CALT speaking assessment?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Examiner judgments are central to ensuring validity and reliability of speaking test scores. The study argues that understanding examiner viewpoints supports improvements in test design, rater training, and quality management.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},460451,1790813075,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},5909893218464,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","EXAMINERS’PERCEPTIONS OFA COMPUTER-ASSISTED  \nENGLISH LANGUAGE TEST  \nNguyen Thi Phuong Thao􀀍  \nOffice of Quality Assurance, VNU University of Languages and International Studies, No. 2 Pham Van Dong, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam  \nReceived 13 December 2025  \nRevised 15 March 2026; Accepted 21 July 2026  \nAbstract: Computer-assisted language testing (CALT) is of great development in the last ten years thanks to the technological advances in the 4.0 era and due to the COVID-19. Increasingly, test takers - including young learners - are becoming accustomed to completing both standardized and classroom-based assessments online or with digital support. Widely recognized platforms such as IELTS, APTIS, and Duolingo exemplify this shift toward digital testing environments. Simultaneously, educators are gaining experience in transitioning from traditional paper-based assessments to computerbased formats. This evolution raises important questions about how examiners perceive and assess language performance in digital contexts. It is noteworthy to listen to examiners’ voices in regard to evaluating performances on computers or with computer support (Forrester, 2020; Yulianto & Mujtahid, 2021). This study investigates Vietnamese examiners’ perceptions on a specific computer-based English proficiency test. The qualitative data collected from focus-group discussions with six examiners provided insightful information on their perceptions and experiences on the test. Their insights offer a nuanced understanding of how they experienced digital interfaces, and how test takers are assessed with such an assessment mode. The findings from this research will contribute to a deeper understanding of the human dimension in CALT, highlighting both opportunities and challenges in digital assessment, especially the role of examiner agency and reflective practice in shaping reliable assessment.  \nKeywords: computer-assisted language testing, examiners’ perceptions, speaking test  \n􀀍 Corresponding author.  \nEmail [address:](address: phuongthaonguyen310@gmail.com)[ ](address: phuongthaonguyen310@gmail.com)[phuongthaonguyen310@gmail.com](address: phuongthaonguyen310@gmail.com)  \n[https://doi.org/10.63023/2525-2445/jfs.ulis.5691](https://doi.org/10.63023/2525-2445/jfs.ulis.5691)  \nGÓC NHÌN CỦA GIÁM KHẢOVỀ MỘTBÀI THI ĐÁNH GIÁ NĂNG LỰC TIẾNGANH TRÊN MÁY TÍNH  \nNguyễn Thị Phương Thảo  \nPhòng Quản trị chất lượng, Trường Đại học Ngoại ngữ, Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội, Số 2 Phạm Văn Đồng, Cầu Giấy, Hà Nội, ViệtNam  \nNhận bài ngày 13 tháng 12 năm 2025  \nChỉnh sửa ngày 15 tháng 3 năm 2026; Chấp nhận đăng ngày 21 tháng 7 năm 2026  \nTóm tắt: Kiểm tra ngôn ngữ hỗ trợ bằng máy tính (CALT) đã có những bước phát triển vượtbậc trong mười năm qua, nhờ vào tiến bộ công nghệ trong thời đại 4.0 và sự ảnh hưởng từ đại dịch COVID-19. Ngày càng nhiều thí sinh, bao gồm cả học sinh nhỏ tuổi, đã quen với việc thực hiện các bàikiểm tra tiêu chuẩn hóa và kiểm tra trong lớp học thông qua hình thức trực tuyến hoặc có sự hỗ trợ củamáy tính như tham gia các bài thi IELTS, APTIS, Duolingo, v.v. Đồng thời, các giám khảo cũng đangtích lũy kinh nghiệm trong việc chuyển đổi từ hình thức kiểm tra trên giấy truyền thống sang định dạng kiểm tra trên máy tính. Việc lắng nghe tiếng nói của giám khảo trong việc đánh giá bài làm trên máy tính hoặc có sự hỗ trợ của công nghệ là vô cùng cần thiết (Forrester, 2020; Yulianto & Mujtahid, 2021) . Nghiên cứu này􀁱 tập trung khảo sát nhận thức và trải nghiệm của các giám khảo đối với một bài kiểmtra năng lực tiếng Anh trên máy tính tại Việt Nam. Dữ liệu định tính được thu thập thông qua thảo luận nhóm với sáu giám khảo, nhằm cung cấp những thông tin sâu sắc về cảm nhận và trải nghiệm của họ với vai trò cán bộ chấm thi. Những phản hồi này góp phần làm sáng tỏ khía cạnh con người trong CALT,đồng thời chỉ ra những cơ hội và thách thức trong đánh giá số - đặc biệt là vai trò của giám khảo và thựchành phản hồi trong việc xây dựng hệ thống đánh giá đáng tin cậy.  \nTừ khóa","cbCaiqQ7BoTasrqW","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqQ7BoTasrqW","pdf",425104,13,"English","# Introduction\n## Technology-driven change in testing\n## Gap: examiner perspectives in CALT speaking tests\n## Purpose and importance of the study","[{\"question\":\"What does the study focus on regarding computer-assisted language testing?\",\"answer\":\"The study investigates Vietnamese examiners’ perceptions of a specific computer-based English proficiency test, with particular attention to speaking. It analyzes how examiners experience evaluating performance in digital contexts.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the examiners’ perceptions collected?\",\"answer\":\"Qualitative data were gathered through focus-group discussions with six examiners. The discussions provided insights into examiners’ experiences and views on the test.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are examiner perceptions important in CALT speaking assessment?\",\"answer\":\"Examiner judgments are central to ensuring validity and reliability of speaking test scores. The study argues that understanding examiner viewpoints supports improvements in test design, rater training, and quality management.\"}]","EXAMINERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF A COMPUTER-ASSISTED ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEST - Nguyen Thi Phuong Thao | PDF",1790758501,33]