[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-445925-105":59,"doc-detail-445925-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","exact-bidding-at-bridge-ivan-whitfeld","Exact Bidding at Bridge - Ivan Whitfeld","","Exact Bidding at Bridge, authored by Ivan Whitfeld and published in 1964, introduces the 'Single Count' system, an approach-forcing method designed to enhance accuracy in contract bridge through precise hand valuation. The book is divided into two primary sections: Part I explores the mathematical and experimental basis of the Single Count system, focusing on the valuation of honours, while Part II details 'Graded Openings' as a conventional application. By refining hand valuation beyond mere intuition, Whitfeld aims to provide ordinary players with the analytical precision typically reserved for experts. This work serves as both a theoretical exposition of bidding mechanics and a practical guide for players seeking to standardize their approach to contract bridge strategy through structured, tested methods.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":57,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/general/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exact-bidding-at-bridge-ivan-whitfeld/445925/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/exact-bidding-at-bridge-ivan-whitfeld/445925.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Ivy","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-16","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the core focus of the 'Single Count' system?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The Single Count is an approach-forcing system that focuses on providing an accurate and simple method for valuing hands in contract bridge, particularly regarding the valuation of honours.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Who is the target audience for this book?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The author designed the system to offer ordinary bridge players a degree of accuracy in bidding that is usually achieved only through the personal flair and judgement of experts.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What is covered in Part II of the book?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Part II covers 'Graded Openings,' which are purely conventional opening-calls that serve as a logical corollary to the exact valuation methods presented in the first part.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},445925,1791489669,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":56,"category_name":57,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},549758252649,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/8000253669c5317157?_k=1778319167496531819","# EXACT\n\nBIDDING ATBRIDGE  \nByIVAN WHITFELD  \n1  \n# EXACT BIDDING AT BRIDGE\n\nThere is no such thing as a completely exact,fool-proofsystem in contract bridge;nevertheless Mr.Whitfeld'sSingle Count is a simple approach-forcing system,basedon original experiment and not guesswork,which goes toextreme lengths in accurate valuation:it is particularlyuseful in the correct valuation of honours.At the end of hislucid and stimulating exposition he compares the SingleCount with decimal and some other valuation methods.  \nHis aim throughout has been to offer the ordinary playera degree of accuracy in bidding such as even an expertcan today achieve only by personal flair and judgement.  \nEXACT BIDDING ATBRIDGE  \nbyIVAN WHITFELD  \nGERALD DUCKWORTH &CO.LTD.3 Henrietta Street,London,W.C.2  \nFirst published 1964  \nAll Rights Reserved  \n⑥IvAN WHITFELD,I964  \nPrinted in Great Britain byThe Camelot Press Ltd.,London and Southampton  \nPREFACE  \nTHERE are two main parts to this book.  \nPart I,the Single Count,is an approach-forcingsystem based on as simple and accurate a valuation ofthe hands as I can discover.  \nPart II,the Graded Openings,is an exercise in purelyconventional opening-calls.I have not tested these incompetitive bridge,but they are one logical corollaryto exact valuation,are extremely simple in use andappear to work in practice.  \nThroughout I have based my conclusions on experi-ment,and in the last chapter of the book I havesketched briefly some of my findings on hand valuation.  \nIt is inevitable that,with the amount that is writtenon bridge,valuations,conventions,terminology mayappear to be repeated from one or another system.Inow find,for instance,that my valuation of honourshas previously been used(G.S.Coffin,Winning Duplicate,1933)and even the term“tails”.But,except for usingCulbertson's Approach-Forcing methods,I am not con-scious of copying any features of the Single Count fromother systems.","cbCaiggn5l2qR4Fv","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiggn5l2qR4Fv","pdf",3054679,104,"English","# Part I: The Single Count\n## Hand Valuation Methods\n# Part II: The Graded Openings\n## Conventional Opening-Calls\n# Conclusions and Findings","[{\"question\":\"What is the core focus of the 'Single Count' system?\",\"answer\":\"The Single Count is an approach-forcing system that focuses on providing an accurate and simple method for valuing hands in contract bridge, particularly regarding the valuation of honours.\"},{\"question\":\"Who is the target audience for this book?\",\"answer\":\"The author designed the system to offer ordinary bridge players a degree of accuracy in bidding that is usually achieved only through the personal flair and judgement of experts.\"},{\"question\":\"What is covered in Part II of the book?\",\"answer\":\"Part II covers 'Graded Openings,' which are purely conventional opening-calls that serve as a logical corollary to the exact valuation methods presented in the first part.\"}]","Exact Bidding at Bridge - Ivan Whitfeld | PDF",1790713296,160]