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In this retrospective longitudinal study, baseline retinal layer thicknesses did not differ, and no retinal layer showed significant thickness change over the observation period. At follow-up, thickness change rates in the ganglion cell/inner plexiform layer complex and the inner nuclear layer negatively correlated with higher modified Rankin scale scores, suggesting limited OCT suitability for monitoring progression.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/evolution-of-retinal-morphology-changes-in-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-abstract/462681/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/evolution-of-retinal-morphology-changes-in-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-abstract/462681.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Stanley","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What imaging method is used to assess retinal changes in ALS?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study uses optical coherence tomography (OCT) to measure retinal layer thickness changes.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Did the retinal layer thickness differ at baseline between ALS patients and healthy controls?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"No. The study reports no differences in retinal layer thickness at baseline.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How did OCT thickness changes relate to clinical disability?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Thickness change rates in specific retinal layers showed a negative association with higher modified Rankin scale scores at follow-up.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},462681,1790993517,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":41,"preview_page_count":4},2336477405376,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Article  \nEvolution of Retinal Morphology Changes in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis  \nValeria Koska 1, *,†, Stefanie Teufel 2,†, Aykut Aytulun 3, Margit Weise 4, Marius Ringelstein 4,5, Rainer Guthoff 6, Sven G. Meuth 4 and Philipp Albrecht 1,4, *  \nAcademic Editor: Vincenzo Parisi  \nReceived: 25 November 2025  \nRevised: 14 December 2025  \nAccepted: 23 December 2025  \nPublished: 29 December 2025  \nCopyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.  \n1 Department of Neurology, Maria-Hilf-Clinics, 41063 Mönchengladbach, Germany  \n2 Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive and Palliative Care, Städtisches Klinikum Solingen,  \n42653 Solingen, Germany  \n3 Department of Psychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany  \n4 Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf,  \n40225 Düsseldorf, Germany  \n5 Department of Neurology, Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40629 Düsseldorf, Germany  \n6 Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty, University Clinic of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany; [rainer.guthoff@med.uni-duesseldorf.de](rainer.guthoff@med.uni-duesseldorf.de)  \n* [Correspondence: valeria.koska@gmail.com](Correspondence: valeria.koska@gmail.com) (V.K.); [phil.albrecht@gmail.com](phil.albrecht@gmail.com) (P.A.)† These authors contributed equally to this work.  \nAbstract  \nBackground/Objectives: To compare changes in the thickness of retinal layers between patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and healthy controls using optical coherence tomography. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a degenerative disease of the upper and lower motoneurons with a rapidly progressive course, but non-motor symptoms such as decreased ocular motility and reduced visual acuity have also been reported. Specific biomarkers or surrogate parameters assessing neurodegeneration in ALS are of interest. Methods: In a retrospective, longitudinal study using optic coherence tomography of the retinal layers, we compared changes in the thickness of the layers between patients with ALS and healthy controls. Correlations to clinical scores, such as the modified ranking scale, were analyzed. Results: In our cohort of patients with early ALS (disease duration 5.15 ± 21.4 months at baseline), we neither observed differences in retinal layer thickness at baseline nor did the thickness changes in any retinal layer differ in comparison to healthy controls at baseline. Moreover, we observed no significant thickness changes over the course of the observational period in our patients with ALS. However, a correlation analysis revealed a negative association of the thickness change rates in the complex of ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer and the inner nuclear layer with a higher modified Rankin scale at follow-up. Conclusions: This study adds to the notion that OCT may not be a suitable tool to monitor atrophy and disease progression in ALS. However, further longitudinal studies with longer follow-up times and larger cohorts are warranted.  \nKeywords: neurodegeneration; optic coherence tomography; retina  \n1. Introduction  \nAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative disease of the upper and lower motoneurons with a rapidly progressive course often leading to death within two to five years [1] . It combines symptoms of an upper motoneuron loss, such as spasticity and a positive Babinski’s reflex, and symptoms of a lower motoneuron damage, including limb  \nparesis and muscle atrophy [2] . Most patients also show signs of bulbar involvement, such as dysarthria and dysphagia [3] . Increasing evidence from clinical and pathological studies suggests a variety of non-motor symptoms as frontotemporal dementia, visual impairment [4], or fatigue ","cbCaihKHmIDjFuSK","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihKHmIDjFuSK","pdf",3216715,12,"English","# Abstract\n## Background/Objectives\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusions\n# Introduction\n# Materials and Methods","[{\"question\":\"What imaging method is used to assess retinal changes in ALS?\",\"answer\":\"The study uses optical coherence tomography (OCT) to measure retinal layer thickness changes.\"},{\"question\":\"Did the retinal layer thickness differ at baseline between ALS patients and healthy controls?\",\"answer\":\"No. The study reports no differences in retinal layer thickness at baseline.\"},{\"question\":\"How did OCT thickness changes relate to clinical disability?\",\"answer\":\"Thickness change rates in specific retinal layers showed a negative association with higher modified Rankin scale scores at follow-up.\"}]","Evolution of Retinal Morphology Changes in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Abstract | PDF",1790764875]