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It covers scope and preliminary questions, rulings on evidence, and limited admissibility, then proceeds through judicial notice, presumptions, and rules governing relevance. Additional sections address evidentiary privileges, witness competency and examination procedures, expert testimony, hearsay definitions and exceptions, and authentication requirements, including originals, duplicates, public records, and summaries.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/evidence-test-specifications-part-a-general-bar-examination-practice-and-application-judicial-notice-presumptions-relevance-privileges/320808/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/evidence-test-specifications-part-a-general-bar-examination-practice-and-application-judicial-notice-presumptions-relevance-privileges/320808.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"วิน","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-08","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What topics are covered under “Practice and application” in this evidence test specification?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It covers scope and applicability, rulings on evidence, preliminary questions, summing up and judge comments, limited admissibility, and introduction of related writings or recorded statements.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the specification treat “Judicial Notice”?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It distinguishes matters that must be judicially noticed versus may be noticed, addresses compulsory notice upon request, includes notice using web mapping and satellite imaging tools, and covers procedures such as instructing the jury and subsequent proceedings.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Which sections address admissibility-related evidence limitations and witness issues?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Relevance covers exclusion for prejudice or confusion and specific categories like character evidence. Privileges address when recognized privileges apply and how they can be waived. Witnesses and expert witnesses cover competency, examination methods, opinion testimony, and rules for expert foundations.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},320808,1790184210,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":24,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":105,"preview_page_count":4},2336475104736,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c4c5e0e5b17e70?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786591360781797222","Evidence Test Specifications  \nPart A of the General Bar Examination  \n(Published March 2023)  \n1. Practice and application  \n1.1. Scope, applicability  \n1.2. Rulings on evidence  \n1.3. Preliminary questions  \n1.4. Summing up and comment by judge  \n1.5. Limited admissibility  \n1.6. Introduction of related writings or recorded statements  \n2. Judicial Notice  \n2.1. Matters which must be judicially noticed  \n2.2. Matters which may be judicially noticed  \n2.3. Compulsory judicial notice upon request  \n2.4. Judicial notice of information taken from web mapping services, global satellite imaging sites, or Internet mapping tools  \n2.5. Determination of propriety of judicial notice and nature of matter noticed  \n2.6. Denial of a request for judicial notice  \n2.7. Instructing jury on judicial notice  \n2.8. Judicial notice by trial court in subsequent proceedings  \n3. Presumptions  \n3.1. Presumption defined; inferences  \n3.2. Classification of rebuttable presumptions  \n3.3. Presumption affecting the burden of producing evidence defined  \n4. Relevance  \n4.1. Definition of relevant evidence  \n4.2. Admissibility of relevant evidence  \n4.3. Statements expressing sympathy; admissibility; definitions  \n4.4. Exclusion on grounds of prejudice or confusion  \n4.5. Character evidence; when admissible  \n4.6. Methods of proving character  \n4.7. Routine practice  \n4.8. Subsequent remedial measures  \n4.9. Compromise and offers to compromise  \n4.10. Payment of medical and similar expenses  \n4.11. Offer to plead guilty, nolo contendere; withdrawn pleas of guilty  \n5. Privileges  \n5.1. Privileges recognized only as provided  \n5.2. Journalist’s privilege  \n5.3. Lawyer-client privilege  \n5.4. Fiduciary lawyer-client privilege  \n5.5. Psychotherapist-patient privilege  \n5.6. Sexual assault counselor-victim privilege  \n5.7. Domestic violence advocate-victim privilege  \n5.8. Human trafficking victim advocate-victim privilege  \n5.9. Husband-wife privilege  \n5.10. Privilege with respect to communications with clergy  \n5.11. Accountant-client privilege  \n5.12. Privilege with respect to trade secrets  \n5.13. Waiver of privilege by voluntary disclosure  \n5.14. Privileged matter disclosed under compulsion or without opportunity to claim privilege  \n5.15. Privileged communication necessary to adverse party  \n6. Witnesses  \n6.1. General rule of competency  \n6.2. Disqualification of witness  \n6.3. Lack of personal knowledge  \n6.4. Oath or affirmation of witness  \n6.5. Interpreters and translators  \n6.6. Interpreter services for deaf persons  \n6.7. Competency of certain persons as witnesses  \n6.8. Who may impeach  \n6.9. Character of witnesses as impeachment  \n6.10. Conviction of certain crimes as impeachment  \n6.11. Religious beliefs or opinions  \n6.12. Mode and order of interrogation and presentation  \n6.13. Refreshing the memory of a witness  \n6.14. Prior statements of witnesses  \n6.15. Calling witnesses by the court  \n6.16. Exclusion of witnesses  \n6.17. Opinion testimony of lay witnesses  \n7. Expert witnesses  \n7.1. Testimony by experts  \n7.2. Opinion on ultimate issue  \n7.3. Basis of opinion testimony by experts  \n7.4. Disclosure of facts or data underlying expert opinion  \n7.5. Authoritativeness of literature for use in cross-examination  \n8. Hearsay  \n8.1. Hearsay; definitions; exceptions  \n8.2. Hearsay rule  \n8.3. Hearsay exceptions; availability of declarant immaterial  \n8.4. Hearsay exceptions; declarant unavailable  \n8.5. Hearsay within hearsay  \n8.6. Attacking and supporting credibility of declarant  \n9. Authentication  \n9.1. Requirement of authentication or identification  \n9.2. Self-authentication  \n9.3. Testimony of subscribing witness unnecessary  \n9.4. Photographs of property wrongfully taken; use in prosecution, procedure; return of property to owner  \n9.5. Definitions  \n9.6. Requirement of originals  \n9.7. Admissibility of duplicates  \n9.8. Admissibility of other evidence of contents  \n9.9. Public records  \n9.10. Summaries  \n9.11. Testimony or writte","cbCairGBz2xHgDtm","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairGBz2xHgDtm","pdf",29800,"English","# Practice and application\n## Scope, applicability\n## Rulings on evidence\n## Preliminary questions\n## Summing up and comment by judge\n## Limited admissibility\n## Introduction of related writings or recorded statements\n# Judicial Notice\n## Matters which must be judicially noticed\n## Matters which may be judicially noticed\n## Compulsory judicial notice upon request\n## Judicial notice of information taken from web mapping services, global satellite imaging sites, or Internet mapping tools\n## Determination of propriety of judicial notice and nature of matter noticed\n## Denial of a request for judicial notice\n## Instructing jury on judicial notice\n## Judicial notice by trial court in subsequent proceedings\n# Presumptions\n## Presumption defined; inferences\n## Classification of rebuttable presumptions\n## Presumption affecting the burden of producing evidence defined\n# Relevance\n## Definition of relevant evidence\n## Admissibility of relevant evidence\n## Statements expressing sympathy; admissibility; definitions\n## Exclusion on grounds of prejudice or confusion\n## Character evidence; when admissible\n## Methods of proving character\n## Routine practice\n## Subsequent remedial measures\n## Compromise and offers to compromise\n## Payment of medical and similar expenses\n## Offer to plead guilty, nolo contendere; withdrawn pleas of guilty\n# Privileges\n## Privileges recognized only as provided\n## Journalist’s privilege\n## Lawyer-client privilege\n## Fiduciary lawyer-client privilege\n## Psychotherapist-patient privilege\n## Sexual assault counselor-victim privilege\n## Domestic violence advocate-victim privilege\n## Human trafficking victim advocate-victim privilege\n## Husband-wife privilege\n## Privilege with respect to communications with clergy\n## Accountant-client privilege\n## Privilege with respect to trade secrets\n## Waiver of privilege by voluntary disclosure\n## Privileged matter disclosed under compulsion or without opportunity to claim privilege\n## Privileged communication necessary to adverse party\n# Witnesses\n## General rule of competency\n## Disqualification of witness\n## Lack of personal knowledge\n## Oath or affirmation of witness\n## Interpreters and translators\n## Interpreter services for deaf persons\n## Competency of certain persons as witnesses\n## Who may impeach\n## Character of witnesses as impeachment\n## Conviction of certain crimes as impeachment\n## Religious beliefs or opinions\n## Mode and order of interrogation and presentation\n## Refreshing the memory of a witness\n## Prior statements of witnesses\n## Calling witnesses by the court\n## Exclusion of witnesses\n## Opinion testimony of lay witnesses\n# Expert witnesses\n## Testimony by experts\n## Opinion on ultimate issue\n## Basis of opinion testimony by experts\n## Disclosure of facts or data underlying expert opinion\n## Authoritativeness of literature for use in cross-examination\n# Hearsay\n## Hearsay; definitions; exceptions\n## Hearsay rule\n## Hearsay exceptions; availability of declarant immaterial\n## Hearsay exceptions; declarant unavailable\n## Hearsay within hearsay\n## Attacking and supporting credibility of declarant\n# Authentication\n## Requirement of authentication or identification\n## Self-authentication\n## Testimony of subscribing witness unnecessary\n## Photographs of property wrongfully taken; use in prosecution, procedure; return of property to owner\n## Definitions\n## Requirement of originals\n## Admissibility of duplicates\n## Admissibility of other evidence of contents\n## Public records\n## Summaries\n## Testimony or written admissions of a party\n## Functions of court and jury","[{\"question\":\"What topics are covered under “Practice and application” in this evidence test specification?\",\"answer\":\"It covers scope and applicability, rulings on evidence, preliminary questions, summing up and judge comments, limited admissibility, and introduction of related writings or recorded statements.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the specification treat “Judicial Notice”?\",\"answer\":\"It distinguishes matters that must be judicially noticed versus may be noticed, addresses compulsory notice upon request, includes notice using web mapping and satellite imaging tools, and covers procedures such as instructing the jury and subsequent proceedings.\"},{\"question\":\"Which sections address admissibility-related evidence limitations and witness issues?\",\"answer\":\"Relevance covers exclusion for prejudice or confusion and specific categories like character evidence. Privileges address when recognized privileges apply and how they can be waived. Witnesses and expert witnesses cover competency, examination methods, opinion testimony, and rules for expert foundations.\"}]","Evidence Test Specifications - Part A - General Bar Examination - Practice and application - Judicial Notice - Presumptions - Relevance - Privileges | PDF",1789953680]