[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-139272-105":59,"doc-detail-139272-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","evidence-for-the-quantum-birth-of-our-universe","Evidence for the quantum birth of our Universe","","The paper presents evidence that the Universe originated from a nonsingular quantum birth, where initial conditions are fixed by quantum physics together with relativistic gravity. It shows that the present microwave background temperature and the present cosmic density match the predicted values after evolution to the current age using the Einstein–Friedmann equation. The quantum origin yields evolution at exactly the critical density and also explores implications for early-Universe aspects of quantum physics.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/evidence-for-the-quantum-birth-of-our-universe/139272/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/evidence-for-the-quantum-birth-of-our-universe/139272.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Angel","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-08-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",15,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What problem with the classical Big Bang model motivates the quantum-birth approach?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The physics of the very early Universe remains uncertain, and reverse evolution in the Big Bang framework leads to a formal singularity in the finite past. The paper motivates avoiding a singular origin by using quantum effects without requiring a full quantum gravity theory.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the paper connect the quantum birth to observable present-day quantities?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It evolves the predicted initial conditions to the present age using the Einstein–Friedmann equation. The resulting microwave background temperature and Universe density are compared to observed values and found to agree well.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Why does the approach lead to evolution at the critical density?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The paper argues that the quantum origin naturally allows the Universe to evolve at exactly the critical density, consistent with the derived relativistic condition for the initial state. It emphasizes that no fine tuning is required for this outcome.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},139272,1787517169,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":105,"preview_page_count":4},687207412472,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","PRAMANA—journal of physics  \n􀀍c  \nIndian Academy of Sciences  \nVol. 59, No. 2 August 2002 pp. 369–374  \nEvidence for the quantum birth of our Universe  \nC S UNNIKRISHNAN 1;2 , G T GILLIES 3 and R C RITTER4  \n1 Gravitation Group, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400 005, India  \n2NAPP Group, Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Koramangala, Bangalore 560 034, India  \n3 School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4746, USA  \n4Department of Physics, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400714, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4714, USA  \nEmail: [unni@tifr.res.in](unni@tifr.res.in); [gtg@virginia.edu](gtg@virginia.edu); [rcr8r@virginia.edu](rcr8r@virginia.edu)  \nAbstract. We present evidence for a nonsingular origin of the Universe with intial conditions determined by quantum physics and relativistic gravity. In particular, we establish that the present temperature of the microwave background and the present density of the Universe agree well with our predictions from these intial conditions, after evolution to the present age using the Einstein– Friedmann equation. Remarkably, the quantum origin for the Universe naturally allows its evolution at exactly the critical density. We also discuss the consequences of these results to some fundamental aspects of quantum physics in the early Universe.  \nKeywords. Cosmological parameters; quantum cosmology; uncertainty principle; fundamental constants; gravity.  \nPACS Nos 98.80.Bp; 98.80.Hw; 98.80.Es  \nThe standard model of cosmology, the Big Bang theory, has been quite successful in describing the general features of the observed Universe. But the physics of the very early Universe is still uncertain. Solution of some of the serious problems of the classical Big Bang model requires input ‘beyond standard Big Bang’-like inflation. In the Big Bang theory of the Universe, reverse evolution via the Einstein equations yields a formal singularity in the finite past. It has been often suggested that quantum effects in the early Universe might cure many of the undesirable aspects of the Big Bang origin. However, there is no viable theory of quantum gravity at present.  \nIn this paper we avoid the necessity of a formal quantum gravity theory to describe the origin of the Universe by making the assumption that the quantum origin would obey the uncertainty principle and relativistic gravity in an essential way. This allows us to deduce some important conclusions regarding observable features of the present Universe. While this approach cannot address the physical process of the origin itself, quantitative estimates of initial conditions can be made and their subsequent evolution and comparison with observational data in the present Universe can be made. We shall see that a comparison of the evolved data agrees well with the observations, suggesting the possibility that the origin of our Universe was indeed determined by quantum physics and relativistic gravity.  \n369  \n370 Pramana – J. Phys., Vol. 59, No. 2, August 2002  \nPramana – J. Phys., Vol. 59, No. 2, August 2002 371  \nC S Unnikrishnan, G T Gillies andR CRitter  \ninflation is the only other known mechanism that can endow the Universe with critical density naturally, without drastic fine tuning.  \nWe expect that at the origin of the Universe an energy content ofEb will be present ina volume corresponding to the Planck length, if our theory of a quantum birth is at least approximately true. The scale comes into picture through the horizon size cτb at Planck time. Note that we do not make any assumption regarding the actual size of the Universe atthe origin, since this is not a well-defined concept. In fact, for a flat Universe the total size is infinite, though the observable Universe is finite at any epoch. Then the energy density is  \nρU = Eb= V ' 12 􀀒 ~cG5 􀀓 1=2 , 4π3ε 􀀒 G3􀀓 3=2 = 83πε ~c7G2 ; (7)  \nwhere ε is a numerical factor in the volume measure to take care of the possibil","cbCaigEYkV1ijbPb","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigEYkV1ijbPb","pdf",49570,"English","# Evidence for a nonsingular quantum origin\n## Motivation from limits of the classical Big Bang model\n## Uncertainty principle and relativistic gravity assumptions\n## Predictions for present temperature and density\n## Evolution at critical density and implications","[{\"question\":\"What problem with the classical Big Bang model motivates the quantum-birth approach?\",\"answer\":\"The physics of the very early Universe remains uncertain, and reverse evolution in the Big Bang framework leads to a formal singularity in the finite past. The paper motivates avoiding a singular origin by using quantum effects without requiring a full quantum gravity theory.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the paper connect the quantum birth to observable present-day quantities?\",\"answer\":\"It evolves the predicted initial conditions to the present age using the Einstein–Friedmann equation. The resulting microwave background temperature and Universe density are compared to observed values and found to agree well.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the approach lead to evolution at the critical density?\",\"answer\":\"The paper argues that the quantum origin naturally allows the Universe to evolve at exactly the critical density, consistent with the derived relativistic condition for the initial state. It emphasizes that no fine tuning is required for this outcome.\"}]","Evidence for the quantum birth of our Universe | PDF"]