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A VTC at Layyah was selected, and three programs—Dress Designing and Making, Domestic Tailoring, and Beautician—were included. Using mixed methods with classroom observation, semi-structured interviews, and desk review, findings indicate entrepreneurial skill levels among women are very low, with recommendations for curriculum revision and improved VTC environments.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/evaluation-of-vocational-training-programs-for-developing-entrepreneurial-skills-among-women-in-the-punjab/596123/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/evaluation-of-vocational-training-programs-for-developing-entrepreneurial-skills-among-women-in-the-punjab/596123.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Guten tag","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-25","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Which evaluation model was used to assess the vocational training programs?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The CIPP evaluative model was used to evaluate the vocational training programs for developing entrepreneurial skills among women.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What training programs and participants were included in the study?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Three programs were included: Dress Designing and Making, Domestic Tailoring, and Beautician. 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Some achieved only minimum scores in the business plan template and situational judgment.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},596123,1792940728,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},687212321768,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a0010bdbe886d2fe77?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1789897067658708522","Bulletin of Education and Research August 2020, Vol. 42, No. 2 pp. 197-218  \nEvaluation of Vocational Training Programs for Developing Entrepreneurial Skills among Women in the Punjab  \nShah Bano Jamil* and Zafar Iqbal**  \nAbstract  \nThe CIPP evaluative model was employed to evaluate vocational training programs for developing entrepreneurial skills among women at Vocational Training Centers (VTCs) established by Government of the Punjab under TEVTA. A VTC center running under this program at Layyah was selected due to the backwardness of the area. Three programs were included; Dress Designing and making, Domestic Tailoring and Beautician in the study. The participants comprised the women, trainers and entrepreneurs of VTCs. Multiple stage sampling technique was used to select the sample. Mixed method approach was used by following CIPP program evaluation model. Data were based on classroom observation, semi-structured interviews and desk review validated through pilot testing, expert opinion, content validity ratio, content validity index and confirmatory factor analysis. Quantitative data were analyzed through central tendency; mean score and standard deviation while interviews and observation through thematic analysis. Findings showed that the level of entrepreneurial skills among women was very low. Majority of women did not attempt the assessment test related to technical skills. Some women got minimum score in business plan template and situational judgment. The entrepreneur’s running their own setups had observations like, teacher training was inadequate. However, revision of course contents, provision of better environment at VTCs and effective teaching strategies with special focus on practical work is recommended.  \nKeywords: Vocational Training Center, Women Entrepreneurs, Entrepreneurial Skills, CIPP Model  \n* PhD Scholar (DNFE), Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad – Pakistan  \n** Assistant Professor, Department of Distance, Non-Formal and Continuing Education, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad – Pakistan Email: [zafar.iqbal@aiou.edu.pk](zafar.iqbal@aiou.edu.pk)  \nIntroduction  \nIn a country, skills and knowledge are considered as the main driving forces of economic growth and social development. The economy becomes more fruitful, ingenious and viable through the presence of more skilled human potential (Aakrog, 2020) . Human resources can be categorized as the capital value of an individual experience and competencies. Women are the most vibrant and dynamic segment as well as potentially most cherished human resource (UNESCO, 2018) . However, despite exceptional competences, Pakistan is facing the issue of weak knowledge and expertise base, with (12.3%) gross enrolment ratio, as compared to developed courtiers with (54.6%) , china (21%), and the world average (23.2%). This paper describes the effectiveness of vocational training programs in developing entrepreneurial skills of women (Iqbal, 2017) . Women have been determined as the most deprived and deprecated group in society and can be used as a sturdy weapon against indigence and starvation. In this critical situation there is a dire need to become women empowered, for this purpose vocational training centers are the only source that become women empowered in different professions (Qadeer, 2017) . VTCs can make a giant difference for women by improving their professional skill that improve their productive capacity, wages, enhancing food security and promoting sustainable environmental development and livelihoods (Kok & Low, 2017) .  \nIn developing countries, government and funding agencies established a large number of public and private institutions that were designed to enhance vocational trainings in the development of entrepreneurship and products in market place (Wolf, 2016) . In order to expand the range of women wages, competencies and employability, vocational training centers launched some training programs particularly to develop entreprene","cbCaisqoK3trVDlw","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisqoK3trVDlw","pdf",832254,22,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Entrepreneurial Skills in Technical and Vocational Training Centers","[{\"question\":\"Which evaluation model was used to assess the vocational training programs?\",\"answer\":\"The CIPP evaluative model was used to evaluate the vocational training programs for developing entrepreneurial skills among women.\"},{\"question\":\"What training programs and participants were included in the study?\",\"answer\":\"Three programs were included: Dress Designing and Making, Domestic Tailoring, and Beautician. Participants comprised women, trainers, and entrepreneurs associated with the VTCs.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the main findings about women’s entrepreneurial skills?\",\"answer\":\"The study found women’s entrepreneurial skills were very low overall, and many women did not attempt assessment tests related to technical skills. Some achieved only minimum scores in the business plan template and situational judgment.\"}]","Evaluation of Vocational Training Programs for Developing Entrepreneurial Skills among Women in the Punjab | PDF",1792082484,55]