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Biofilms were formed with 33 bacterial species on a Calgary device and tested under two protocols: CBD or chlorhexidine (CHX) contact for the full period, or CBD/CHX starting on day 3 with twice-daily exposure. Total biofilm counts, complex proportions, and species counts were assessed by DNA-DNA hybridization (Checkerboard).",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/evaluation-of-the-antimicrobial-effect-of-cannabidiol-cbd-in-a-multispecies-subgingival-biofilm-model/449392/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/evaluation-of-the-antimicrobial-effect-of-cannabidiol-cbd-in-a-multispecies-subgingival-biofilm-model/449392.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Guten tag","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How was the antimicrobial effect of CBD tested in this study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Biofilms were generated using 33 bacterial species on a Calgary device, then exposed to CBD and/or chlorhexidine under two defined treatment protocols.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What outcomes were measured to evaluate treatment effects?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study quantified total biofilm counts, complex proportions, and counts of individual species using DNA-DNA hybridization (Checkerboard).",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What were the main findings about CBD and periodontal pathogens?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"CBD reduced total bacterial counts and decreased the red complex, while also lowering key pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia, within the study’s experimental limitations.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},449392,1790790920,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},687212321768,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a0010bdbe886d2fe77?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1789897067658708522","RESEARCH ARTICLE     \nEvaluation of the antimicrobial effect of cannabidiol (CBD) in amultispecies subgingival biofilm model  \nPedro Henrique Moreira Paulo Tolentinoa, Roberto Galvão Dinellia, Hernan Santiago Garzónb,c,d, Daniel R Suáreze, Mayra Alexandra Téllez Corralf, Enzo Pelentir Christoffg, Manuela Rocha Buenog , Ursula Modesto Sandih, Lina J Suáreza,c,f and Bruno Bueno-Silvaa, h   \naDepartment of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil; bDepartamento de Periodoncia, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia; cDepartamento de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Oral, Facultad de OdontologiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; dPrograma Doctorado en Ingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; eDepartamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; fCentro de Investigaciones Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología, Pontifícia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.; gDivision of Periodontics, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto e Centro de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil; hDepartamento de Biociências, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, Brasil  \nABSTRACT  \nBackground: This study evaluated the antimicrobial effect of cannabidiol (CBD) on a multi-species subgingival biofilm model.  \nMaterials and methods: Biofilms were formed using 33 bacterial species on a Calgary device. Two protocols were tested: (A) biofilm in contact with CBD (125, 250 and 500 µg/mL) and chlorhexidine 0.12%(CHX) for the entire period; (B) treatments with CBD (500 and 1000 µg/mL) and CHX started on day 3, twice a day, for 1 minute. The total biofilm counts, the proportion of complexes, and the counts of each species were evaluated by DNA-DNA hybridization (Checkerboard) .  \nResults: In Experiment A, CBD at concentrations of 250 and 500 µg/mL, as well as CHX, significantly reduced the total biofilm count. At 500 µg/mL, CBD also decreased the proportion of the red complex and reduced the counts of 10 bacterial species, whereas CHX affected 20 species. In Protocol B, both CBD at 1000 µg/mL and CHX reduced the total biofilm count and the proportion of the red complex, while increasing the proportion of the green complex. Both protocols led to a reduction in Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia.  \nConclusion: CBD reduced the total bacterial count and the red complex, inhibiting known periodontal pathogens. Within the limitations, the results provide exploratory evidence that CBD may reduce the total bacterial count in the proposed polymicrobial biofilm model, including the red complex bacteria, and may thus be postulated as an inhibitor of known periodontal pathogens. However, future in vivo studies with robust sample sizes and standardized CFU-based quantification are required to confirm these findings.  \nARTICLE HISTORY  \nReceived 6 September 2025 Revised 18 November 2025 Accepted 9 December 2025  \nKEYWORDS  \nMultispecies biofilm; periodontal disease; natural agents; cannabidiol; antimicrobial  \nIntroduction  \nDental biofilm is a complex, structured community of microorganisms embedded in an extracellular matrix that provides enhanced resistance to adverse environmental conditions, which free-floating (planktonic) bacteria typically cannot withstand. These conditions include nutrient scarcity, fluctuations in pH and oxygen levels, and resistance to chemical and mechanical biofilm control methods [ 1] .  \nBiofilm formation begins with the adhesion of initial colonisers to the acquired pellicle. These early colonisers primarily consist of bacteria from the purple, yellow, and green complexes, as classified by Socransky et al. [2], and are generally associated with periodontal health. Subsequently, secondary  \nCONTACT Bruno Bueno-Silva  brunobue@unicamp.br  Departamento de Biociências, Faculdade de Odont","cbCaitQuxNl5jp8N","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitQuxNl5jp8N","pdf",1632943,13,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Materials and methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n# Introduction\n## Dental biofilm and complexes\n## Periodontal diseases and treatment needs\n## Role of chlorhexidine","[{\"question\":\"How was the antimicrobial effect of CBD tested in this study?\",\"answer\":\"Biofilms were generated using 33 bacterial species on a Calgary device, then exposed to CBD and/or chlorhexidine under two defined treatment protocols.\"},{\"question\":\"What outcomes were measured to evaluate treatment effects?\",\"answer\":\"The study quantified total biofilm counts, complex proportions, and counts of individual species using DNA-DNA hybridization (Checkerboard).\"},{\"question\":\"What were the main findings about CBD and periodontal pathogens?\",\"answer\":\"CBD reduced total bacterial counts and decreased the red complex, while also lowering key pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia, within the study’s experimental limitations.\"}]","Evaluation of the antimicrobial effect of cannabidiol (CBD) in a multispecies subgingival biofilm model | PDF",1790730103,33]